Caminhos da diáspora negra no Atlântico: circulação de negros(as) escravizados(as), livres e libertos(as) entre Estados Unidos, Libéria e Canadá (1847-1861)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1847, Liberia declared independence from its metropolis, the United States of America. Internally, the United States promoted laws that restricted the freedom of free blacks, facilitating the search for fugitives and their enslavement. The increase in publications about the validity of the emigration of the black population intensified, to cross the Atlantic or to search for another place in the world where they could be free. In the following decade, emigration was among the choices of countless blacks, destined for Liberia or Canada. On the other hand, resistance to leaving the country also appeared in the speeches of several blacks positioned in public spaces. Thus, our objective is to understand the circulation of the black population between 1847 and 1861, focusing on its leading role in building a future for the black race, given the context of a nation that projected itself onto the world, with imperialist interests. This thesis reflects on how various sectors of society discussed the issue of black emigration, the interests involved and their spaces of circulation. Consequently, it involves a series of connections constructed (physically, intellectually and emotionally) for the movement and reception of black people in displacement. Our sources include narratives of enslaved people, reports, newspapers, pamphlets, booklets, sermons and other publications from the press (from the United States, Liberia and Canada) between 1847 and 1861. Understanding these movements allows us to access a part of history that highlights black organizational forms in the 19th century, the engagement in their own press (including with female participation), the search for and investment in stable social settlements, the struggles for rights and the various strategies for seeking and practicing solidarity amid the violence of slavery and racism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".