Extra-judicial killings in democratic Nigeria vis-à-vis the rule of law: an overview
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Generally, extra-judicial killings, summary and arbitrary executions in Nigeria were considered as part of the necessary evil of military dictatorship that dominated the polity of the country from independence to 1999. This is principally because once the military takes over the governance of the country they immediately suspend the Constitution (the supreme law of the land, which, amongst other things, guarantees and safeguards the fundamental human rights of the citizens) from operation. In the absence of the Constitution, the legal protection afforded individuals ceases to exist paving the way for arbitrary rule. However, the perpetration of extra-judicial killings under democratic administration, which is bound to protect and enforce the Constitution, raises a number of questions particularly as to whether the nation's democratic rule is in some way a mere extension of its military style leadership. This paper considers the reason-d'être of the continuation of the involvement of security forces, especially the police, in extra-judicial killings in spite of the existence of democracy in Nigeria; what is the implication of this trend on the rule of law and what measures ought to be taken to reverse it? In this analysis, the paper adopts the doctrinal methodology.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it