Perspectivas sobre el libre comercio: un estudio comparado de empresas mexicanas y canadienses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Este trabajo es de naturaleza empírica; se resumen los resultados de una investigación sobre las opiniones de pequeñas y medianas empresas manufactureras en México y Canadá en relación con la firma de un Acuerdo de Libre Comercio a nivel continental. Estas opiniones, se deduce, son el resultado de las condiciones estructurales de las firmas ante la economía internacional. Los resultados se basan en una encuesta tripartita de empresas en México, Canadá y Estados Unidos. La investigación fue guiada por consideraciones teóricas y prácticas encaminadas a entender cuáles son las formas y mecanismos de respuesta por parte de estas firmas ante la liberalización comercial y ante la competencia de empresas trasnacionales. A final de cuentas, una de las preocupaciones principales de este trabajo es el efecto que la liberalización comercial en la forma de un Acuerdo de Libre Comercio tendrá sobre los trabajadores ocupados por este tipo de empresas. Igualmente, este trabajo sienta las bases empíricas para una política pública encaminada a solucionar los problemas de este sector de la economía. La conclusión más evidente a la que llega este trabajo es que empresas de este tipo no exhiben, en términos generales, las condiciones necesarias para competir a nivel internacional y que el trabajo de restructuración de este sector requiere de cambios fundamentales para los cuales no están preparadas las empresas.ABSTRACTThis study, based on empirical research, summarizes the results of a survey to measure the opinions that small and mid-sized Canadian and Mexican manufacturing firms hold of a Continental Free Trade Agreement. These opinions are believe to stem from the structural conditions of these firms as they relate to the global economy. The data were gathered through a questionnaire survey of United States, Mexican, and Canadian firms. This research combined theoretical and pragmatic approaches in an effort to determine the types of responses and mechanisms that these firms will employ as they come face to face with trade liberalization and transnational industrial competition.A primary concern of the research is the impact that trade liberalization, in the form of a Free Trade Afreement, will have on workers employed in manufacturing firms. The study sets the empirical foundations for formulating public policy aime at solving the problems in this economic sector. The principal conclusion is that small and mid-sized manufacturing firms do not generally display the characteristics required to compete at the international level, and that any restructuring of the sector will require fundamental changes for wich these companies are not prepared.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".