Intentions In The First Quarter Of The Fourteenth Century: Hervaeus Natalis Versus Radulphus Brito
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The subject of logical intentions was not new when it was becoming an important object of study by the beginning of fourteenth century. The distinction between first and second intentions was not new; it is already found in Avicenna, and it can be traced back to Aristotle's primary and secondary substances. During the later Middle Ages, the discussion was focused on the exact nature and ontological status of intentions, and closely related issue of the role of intentions and intelligible species in cognitive process. In the process of differentiating intentions from species, acts and things, and differentiating first and second intentions from each other, the definitions of intentions became more elaborate and subdivisions more subtle. This chapter presents an overview of Hervaeus Natalis's discussion about second intentions with an opponent he does not mention by name, but who, judging from Hervaeus's description, might well have been his contemporary Radulphus Brito. Keywords: Avicenna; Hervaeus Natalis; logical intentions; ontological status; Radulphus Brito; second intentions
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".