A Protectionist Bargain?: Agriculture in the European UnionCanada Trade Agreement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The EU and Canada have been negotiating a preferential trade agreement - the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) - since 2009.The negotiations have been conducted in strict secrecy with an agreement only reached in late September 2014.This was the first time the text of the agreement was made public. This article examines those parts of the text of the agreement which pertain to agri-food trade. The facets of the agreement examined include those that directly affect agriculture - tariffs, TRQs, subsidies, safeguards and rules of origin - as well as other facets of the agreement that indirectly affect agriculture - pricing of wines, geographical indications, environment, sustainability, anti-dumping. The general conclusion is that little in the way of agricultural trade liberalization was achieved and protectionist interests were maintained.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.020 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".