Los estudios de formación docente y pedagógica en Canadá y España: cambios programáticos e institucionales en el escenario de internacionalización de la educación
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article provides a historical review of the preparation of teachers and educators in Canada and compares it with the situation in Spain, within the context of the forces that influenced the transformation of the educational systems. The analysis pays particular attention to the institutional and programmatic changes at the end of the twentieth century and currently. It is argued that in spite of the historical specificity of each country, there are important converging themes and issues. One of the common issues has been the debate on the nature of pedagogical knowledge, the emphasis on the re-articulation of theory and practice, and the production of knowledge in action. It is not just an epistemological debate, but one to be placed in the perspective of internationalization and economic globalization. In Canada, tensions in the processes involving teacher preparation derive from contradictions emerging from the penetration of the market economy in the education domain in general and in higher education in particular. At the same time, in Spain the reforms that aimed at aligning the preparation to the European Higher Education Area has been sold under the idea of a change of academic culture that should center the activity on the students and the employers needs. It becomes imperative that we rethink and redefine our work within the new context in light of our academic core values rather than engaging ourselves in sterile and paralyzing critiques and political statements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".