The Cult of the Amateur: how today's internet is killing our culture, by Andrew Keen
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This is not a fair book, and I'm proud of the fact that it's not fair.It's designed to open a fair conversation about Web 2.0".That is how Andrew Keen described his own book, 'The cult of the amateur: how today's internet is killing our culture ', during Google Talk 2007 in Mountain View, California [12].This book both demonstrates the way the internet has evolved and highlights the problems and challenges that go along with the evolution of the internet.Keen's main message is basically this: the democratisation of media has created a new media landscape, in which the place for the serious 'old media', such as newspapers, is shrinking.Bloggers writing their own news, web-users suggesting sites on Digg.com and self-proclaimed experts adding articles to Wikipedia dominate the web nowadays.These expanding amateur-media create a culture of mediocrity, where a truly good artist or journalist does not stand out of the crowd.According to Keen, the increase in quantity of information thus causes a decrease in quality of information, thereby corrupting our culture and bringing down the expert institutions, such as professional journalism, novel writing and the music industry, which traditionally safeguard our societal values.Now, how does Keen structure his argument?On the first page of his book the author summarises the digital revolution as 'ignorance meets egoism meets bad taste meets mob rule.[. . .] On steroids.' [12, p. 1].Keen then argues that on the internet anyone can publish anything, generally being of poor quality.'For today's amateur monkeys can use their networked computers to publish everything from uninformed political commentary, to unseemly home videos, to embarrassingly amateurish music, to unreadable poems, reviews, essays and novels.' [12, p. 3].By now, it is clear to the reader that Keen finds this 'infinite desire for personal attention' (2007: 7) a highly objectionable development.He then devotes the majority of his book (chapters 1-7) to convincing the reader of problems that arise as a result of this democratisation of information.He points out that 'our cultural standards and moral values are at stake ' [12, p. 7] and connects this to the assertion that 'the very traditional institutions that have helped to foster and create our news, our music, our literature, our television shows, and our movies are under assault as well ' [12, p. 7].Indeed, Keen minutely exposes several fundamental problems arising on the internet: throughout the book, the reader witnesses the appearance of untrustworthy, morally objectionable and culturally debatable content, such as the worldwide spreading of home videos via You Tube, as well as criminal behaviour like identity theft, copyright violations, illegal online gambling and sexual predation.By going beyond general statements about these topics and stating real cases and statistics, Keen succeeds in convincing the reader of the seriousness of the described societal problems.In the final chapter (ch.8) he makes an effort to come up with solutions to these problems, such as more control and regulation provided by traditional political institutions and website administrators.Keen for example refers to Citizendium, a Wikipedia-like initiative where content is provided by citizens and with two principles safeguarding the quality of information.Firstly, all contributions are verified by a board of expert editors.Secondly, the editors' credentials can be checked upon, because their real names and CVs are published on the Citizendium website.By pointing to solutions like these, Keen manifests himself as an advocate for constructive use of the safeguards technology has to offer.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,007 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,010 | 0,012 |
| Communication savante | 0,014 | 0,022 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,005 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,006 | 0,013 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,007 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».