Promoting Safe Use of Roads and Pathways for Active Transportation - A Review of Canadian Promising Practices
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Governments at all levels across the globe are promoting active transportation (AT - walking, bicycling) in pursuit of socially, environmentally and economically sustainable communities. However, with more concurrent use of the sustainable transport facilities by different user groups (e.g., children, youth, adults, seniors), there is concern over a counterproductive rise in the risk of conflicts and injuries. Along the same lines, many small, medium, and large Canadian municipalities are proactively promoting more active lifestyles and transportation to curb obesity, reducing greenhouse gases to reduce energy costs and mitigate climate change, and addressing the enormous economic costs of AT user injuries and deaths. With an intention to analyze and promote the safety of AT users (aka vulnerable road users - VRUs), this study was carried out on the safe use of roads and pathways for AT, sponsored by the Public Health Agency of Canada in 2012. This paper discusses the details and outcomes of this study focusing mainly on how community decision makers can best educate, engage and protect VRUs using informal, passive education tools. It had three main objectives. First was to conduct a comprehensive review of relevant sources to identify promising Canadian practices promoting safe use by VRUs. Second was to identify informal, passive AT safety education and enforcement programs. The final objective was to assimilate all collected data into a cohesive final report, which will be of interest to community decision-makers such as councilors, planners, engineers, public health practitioners, and other road safety stakeholders. This study employed an expedited, full-population sampling carried out in three parts. Firstly, primary information sources were identified via website scans of nearly 300 Canadian communities and literature review. Secondly, key informants were interviewed from a broad range of communities and organizations across Canada. Finally a national toolbox was assembled of promising informal, passive AT educational strategies, augmented by international literature for comparison. Many promising AT safety practices were identified by representatives of Canadian communities, but science based monitoring was not widely used. Future research should be conducted using observed critical success factors of the identified informal, passive AT safety education and enforcement programs to validate their significance and influence over program success. To increase effectiveness of the promising practices and realistic budgeting amounts, future research should address the identified lack of monitoring costs.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,012 | 0,014 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,017 | 0,031 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,005 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».