Calcium Nutrition Perceptions among Food Bank Users: A Canadian Case Study.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction Poverty and low-income prevents many Canadians from attaining a reasonable quality of life (1) and these are well recognized as important determinants of health around the world. (2-4) In addition, low-income is known to compromise the ability of individuals to meet their basic needs of life such as food. (15) In order to help economically marginalized population meet the basic food needs, several governmental and nongovernmental organizations and programs offer emergency and short-term assistance such as food hampers provided by food banks. According to HungerCount 2009, released by the Canadian Association of Food Banks, close to eight million Canadians turned to food banks for emergency food assistance in March 2009. (5) This represents an 18% increase from the same time in 2008. In addition, the majority of food bank users and those who experience poverty are women and working poor who are unable to make ends meet. (5) The increase in those accessing food banks with the higher proportion of women and the working poor highlights the growing food insecurity in Canada and warrants further research examining the needs of the low-income populations. Specifically, given the large numbers of people are turning to community-run food assistance for their meals, it is important to examine the nutritional quality and adequacy of the food provisions. (6-10) The food that is supplied to individuals by the food bank is subject to supply constraints.11 The majority of these food banks are limited to what is donated by the community and local businesses, since few food banks have the financial resources to supplement their donations with purchased food. (5) The donations to food banks mostly include non-perishable food products such as canned fruits and vegetables, pasta and other food products which are often low in calcium. However, recently, food banks are beginning to provide fluid milk to its clientele as a way of providing calcium rich food, albeit contingent on the availability of donor dollars, and realizing the importance of calcium for health and wellbeing of the vulnerable population especially women, who are the primary food bank clientele. (5,11) While the provision of milk is promising, the average availability of calcium and dairy products in food hampers remains less than the Canadian requirements. (12,13) Furthermore, there are limits to how often one may access the food bank; once every three weeks or once a month are common limitations. (5) The quantity of groceries supplied to the individual as well as the quality of food donated to the food bank are inconsistent that change with the season and economic climate. (5) This volatility in food provision and food insecurity observe in low-income earners result in wide variation in the composition of food hampers distributed, (14) 99% of these food hampers do not provide sufficient amount of nutrients per person, (12) and compromised health status. (15-19) Specifically, calcium continues to remain a nutrient of concern for low-income populations and underserved individuals. (6,7,14,20) Calcium carries out many important physiological roles in the body; it facilitates muscle contraction and relaxation, nerve transmission, bone formation and homeostasis, enzyme activation, and blood coagulation. (21-24) Research has repeatedly shown that the calcium status of low-income persons and food bank clients is influenced by numerous factors. (14,19,25) In addition to the financial constraints, health psychology literature suggests that the adoption of any health behavior is influenced by many psychosocial factors. As a result, many theories of behavioral change have been constructed in an effort to explain human health-related behaviors, to determine targets for change, and the best methods for implementing these changes. (26) In many of the theoretical models including the health belief model, which is one of the most widely used conceptual frameworks in health behavior, individual's perceptions, including their judgment of the benefits and barriers associated with health behaviors, are fundamental to behavioral change. …
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Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,007 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,016 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».