Nationalism, Marxism, and Modern Central Europe: A Biography of Kazimierz Kelles-Krauz (1872-1905)
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Timothy Snyder. Nationalism, Marxism, and Modern Central Europe: A Biography of Kazimierz Kelles-Kraut (18 72-1905). Harvard Papers in Ukrainian Studies. Cambridge, MA: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University, 1997. xxv, 321 pp. Photographs. Appendices. Bibliography. Paper. In his extensively researched, book Timothy Snyder introduces the reader to a forgotten European intellectual of the beginning of the twentieth century-the socialist Kazimierz Kelles-Krauz. Born in Radom (Poland), he was indeed a citizen of Europe, having lived most of his life in Paris and Vienna. What, one may ask, so special about this thinker brought from obscurity? Why this biography? As the author suggests, Kelles-Krauz should be remembered particularly for his ideas on nationalism and democracy in Eastern Europe. Snyder writes that Kelles-Krauz's view on the national question is deserving not only of a place in the histories of socialism and sociology, but of recognition and preference by scholars of our own times. The book reveals the testimony of a great thinker and passionate politician, whose ideas are as candid today as they were almost one hundred years ago. Social movements (like the Polish KOR) or political organizations like the Italian Communist Party adopted some of them much later. Interestingly, Kelles-Krauz's thoughts about the independent nation-states in Eastern Europe came true fully in 1991 when the former Soviet Republics of Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic states joined the camp of East European new democracies. No doubt, his ideas about socialism and a democratic nation-state are of special interest. As a Marxist he believed that socialism could be built within a democratic nation-state-a viewpoint not shared by his contemporaries. It should also be emphasized that Kelles-Krauz was among the pioneers advocating Polish-Jewish reconciliation and the idea of a Jewish nation. Snyder presents his subject chronologically and that was a very good decision. His exposition flows smoothly, emphasizing the key episodes in Kelles-Krauz's life. The book divided into four chapters covering the four significant phases of his intellectual developments. In the first chapter Snyder discusses the transitional period from Kelles-Krauz's last years in his native Radom to the formative phase in Paris (1872-1894). The most significant idea recorded at that time seems to have been that the future Polish state (Poland was partitioned by Russia, Austria, and Prussia at the end of the eighteenth century), can only be born as a consequence of the application of Western science and Western social ideas. It seems that his thinking was profoundly stimulated by witnessing the changes brought to the Polish lands through the industrialization introduced from the West. Such a change, according to KellesKrauz, would have never come from the East (Russia) due to its backwardness in both technology and social philosophies. The second chapter presents Kelles-Krauz's early activities as a member of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS-Polska Partia Socialistyczna). We learn that KellesKrauz presented himself as a party reformer and an author of pamphlets advocating changes into the PPS's political agenda. It seems that his Marxism was spiced with a strong nationalistic flavor, i. …
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| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
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| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,005 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
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