Керамика как элемент похоронного обряда русского населения Алтая XIX первой четверти ХХ В.

The funeral rites of the Russian population of Altai in the 19th first quarter of the 20th century were the most resistant form of the traditional culture, which had a certain subject line used in the ceremony. The ceremonial functions of ceramics, as one of its elements, have not been researched by scientists of Altai. The purpose of this article is an attempt to identify the location of ceramics in the funeral rite of the Russian population of Altai in the given period on the basis of a number of different sources. The sources for study were the published and the unpublished materials of history and ethnographic, archaeological expeditions of Altai archaeologists, museum workers, members of school of natural history clubs; the collections of the state and municipal museums of the region. In the Russian tradition the structure of the funeral ritual consisted of a series of ritual complexes: 1) actions, associated with the premortal state of the person, the time of death, with dressing the dead and placing in the coffin; 2) lift from the house, funeral service in the church, burial; 3) funeral. The complex of materials collected on the territory of Altai region reflects the tradition of the use of ceramics in the first two complexes of the rite. Russians used a pot with water when washing the deceased, which they later broke. In the Altai territory this custom was recorded in settlements of Soloneshenskiy district. So, the old believers-Poles after washing the dead poured the water and broke the pot. The historical-ethnographic and archaeological materials have documented the tradition of using ceramics by the Russian of Altai in the second ceremonial complex the burial. The Russians and other eastern Slavs had a custom of putting different objects connected with the professional activities of the dead, favourite things and foods in the coffin or in the grave. The Russian population of Altai had the tradition of putting food in the coffin or the grave. But for the dishes with food they also found clay utensils with ash or charcoal in the burials on the territory of the Altai territory. As a rule, in such graves the crockery was on the covers of the coffins, decks or next to them. In the opinion of Novosibirsk scholars it was connected with the ritual of fumigation.Thus, the use of ceramics as an element of the funeral rite of the Russian in Altai at the end of the 19th first quarter of the 20th centuries was fixed in settlements. Simplification of the buryingmemorial rites, which began in the 1920s 1930s, led to the disappearance of many rituals including the use of ceramics. In Altai this tradition is the local peculiarity of groups of the population. For further comprehensive study of this problem it is necessary to conduct ethno-archeological expeditions on the territory of Altai villages.

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