Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Distance education is the use of one or more forms of delivery processes for the acquisition of new information into a learner's pre-existing schemata. The delivery process is via a systematic modality(ies) that is sponsored by an educational institution in which the instructional environment is separated geographically from that of the learners' environments. A two-way communication provision(s) is established for the duration of the instructional/learning interval for feedback by the instructor(s) to the individual student and/or group of students. Policies are being developed to define and regulate distance education. Since technology can be utilized in the delivery processes of distance education, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has adopted several policies governing technology usage. The Telecommunication Act of 1996, Section 706, requires that the FCC conduct regular investigations to determine that advanced communication tools, including the computer, are becoming accessible for all Americans, particularly for students in elementary and secondary schools. The FCC must remove any barriers to invest and to promote competition of advanced telecommunications that encourage the deployment of advanced telecommunications. (Other, 2/27/99, p. 3) The FCC is currently establishing their policies concerning the best implementation of Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. The FCC has also established criteria for a technology plan that ensures educators and librarians who are implementing telecommunication networks and Internet access receive 20-90% discounts for their purchased services under the Universal Service Program. (American, 2/27/99, p. 1) To qualify for the discount services provided under this program, applicants must submit an approved technology plan. There are three criterion which must be included in an approved technology plan: (a) establish explicit connections between the proposed physical infrastructure of the information technology and professional development strategies that will lead to specific curriculum reforms or library service improvements, (b) develop a technology plan that ensures applicants have secured the resources they need to make effective use of their telecommunications services and Internet access, including: computers and peripheral equipment, staff training, software, a budget for operating costs and maintenance, and (c) the technology plan must include an evaluation process to help schools and libraries monitor their progress toward their goals. (Technology, 2/27/99, p.1) The technology plan must be submitted for approval. Contacting the Client Service Help Disk via telephone at 1-888-203-8100 can do this. A referral will be given to the applicant for the appropriate state or region certified approver. A listing of certified approvers can also be accessed on the World Wide Web: http://www.slcfund.org and http://www.neca.org. (SLC, 2/27/99, p. 4) Another FCC policy ruling resulted when Apple Computer, Inc. and WINForum filed petitions on May 6, 1996 seeking a FCC ruling concerning spectrum, wireless Internet linkage On January 9, 1997, the FCC amended their rulings to include the 300 megahertz of spectrum for usage under a new category of unlicensed equipment, Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) devices. It is claimed this new wireless infrastructure would allow classroom linkage to the Internet much easier for schools, especially schools that are asbestos-laden. (Others, 2/27/99, p.3) This linkage would allow students in the formal classroom to participate in distance education, via the Internet. The classroom teacher would then act as a facilitator in this form of distance education delivery. In addition to policies governing elementary and secondary schools, universities are developing their own policies for their distance education programs. Purdue University's Distance Education and Information Technology Unit's primary mission is to enhance the university's outreach using available distance education technologies and methodologies. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,011 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,006 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,102 | 0,027 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».