Maternal alcohol consumption in pregnancy enhances arterial stiffness and alters vasodilator function that varies between vascular beds in fetal sheep
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Key points To date, the effects of maternal alcohol consumption in pregnancy have focused on neurodevelopmental outcomes, with the impact on the arterial system poorly understood. In this study we investigated the effects of moderate maternal alcohol consumption (∼3 standard drinks per day) in late pregnancy on the ability of arteries in the fetus to relax, and hence deliver blood, and on arterial stiffness in five important organs. Maternal alcohol consumption in late pregnancy resulted in a marked increase in stiffness in arteries of the heart, kidney, gut, leg muscle and brain in the fetus, and this could slow contraction and relaxation and overall blood delivery. Coronary artery endothelial vasodilator function was severely blunted as a result of alcohol exposure, while in contrast endothelium‐dependent relaxation in renal and mesenteric arteries was enhanced. Together, the results of this study provide a warning for pregnant women and their carers that maternal consumption of ∼3 standard drinks per day, levels that do not evoke physical abnormalities or growth restriction, can dramatically alter arterial function in the fetus. Abstract While the impact of alcohol consumption by pregnant women on fetal neurodevelopment has received much attention, the effects on the cardiovascular system are not well understood. We hypothesised that repeated exposure to alcohol (ethanol) in utero would alter fetal arterial reactivity and wall stiffness, key mechanisms leading to cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Ethanol (0.75 g (kg body weight) –1 ) was infused intravenously into ewes over 1 h daily for 39 days in late pregnancy (days 95–133 of pregnancy, term ∼147 days). Maternal and fetal plasma ethanol concentrations at the end of the hour were ∼115 mg dl −1 , and then declined to apparent zero over 8 h. At necropsy (day 134), fetal body weight and fetal brain–body weight ratio were not affected by alcohol infusion. Small arteries (250–300 μm outside diameter) from coronary, renal, mesenteric, femoral (psoas) and cerebral beds were isolated. Endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation sensitivity was reduced 10‐fold in coronary resistance arteries, associated with a reduction in endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA ( P = 0.008). Conversely, vasodilatation sensitivity was enhanced 10‐fold in mesenteric and renal resistance arteries. Arterial stiffness was markedly increased ( P = 0.0001) in all five vascular beds associated with an increase in elastic modulus and, in cerebral vessels, with an increase in collagen Iα mRNA. Thus, we show for the first time that fetal arteries undergo marked and regionally variable adaptations as a consequence of repeated alcohol exposure. These alcohol‐induced vascular effects occurred in the apparent absence of fetal physical abnormalities or fetal growth restriction.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».