Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The main subject of this thesis is the relationship between economic growth and environmental effects when the interaction between firms' behaviour and regulations are taken into account. In the first three papers I discuss different aspects of the relationship between regulations and environmental effects. In the last paper I perform a factor demand analysis within a multiproduct framework. \nIn Chapter 2, I focus on the frequently discussed question about the relation between liberalisation of trade and its effects on the environment. I study the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between Mexico, United States and Canada, signed 1994, and its effects on the emission of carbon dioxide from the manufacturing industry in Mexico. I apply a dynamic factor demand model, for the Mexican manufacturing industry, to examine the changes in economic development, factor demands and the development of carbon dioxide emission following trade liberalisation. My results indicate a technological shift in the manufacturing industry after 1994, when Mexico joined NAFTA. This led to a more factor intensive use of energy, and less emission of carbon dioxide, than with a regime without NAFTA. \nIn Chapter 3, the focus is on the concern that environmental regulations hamper competitiveness and economic growth. The empirical relationship between environmental regulations and productivity growth is studied. The overall effect of the regulatory stringency faced by plants on plants' productivity growth is statistically insignificant when productivity growth is measured without environmental detrimental factors. However, when these factors are included, the effect is positive and statistically significant. This indicates that not accounting for emission reductions when measuring productivity growth can result in too pessimistic conclusions regarding the effect of regulatory stringency on productivity growth.\nIn Chapter 4, the focus is on one particular environmental regulation. The Integrated Pollution and Prevention Control (IPPC) directive from the European Union implies that regulatory emission caps should be set in accordance with each industry’s Best Available Techniques (BAT). Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to construct a frontier of all efficient plants. This provides us with an interpretation of BAT. We assume that all plants emit in accordance with the best practice technology, represented by the frontier, by reducing all inputs proportionally. The interpretation reveals a strong potential for emission reductions. Further, abatement cost estimates indicate that considerable emission reductions can be achieved with low or no social costs, but that the implementation of BAT for all plants involves substantial costs.\nIn Chapter 5, the aim is to test a multiproduct specification up against a single homogeneous output approach. Although most of the production activities involve multiple outputs, econometric models of production or cost functions normally involve only one single homogeneous output. The aim of this paper is to test the hypothesis that a multiproduct specification for Norwegian primary aluminium production is superior to a model with a single homogeneous product. To do this, I use a Multiproduct Symmetric Generalized McFadden (MSGM) cost function.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».