The Yellow Journalism: The Press and America's Emergence as a World Power
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Spencer, David R. The Yellow Journalism: The Press and America's Emergence as a World Power. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 2007. 272 pp. $24.95. That William Randolph Hearst, in his days in New York, was a rank imitator of the methods of Joseph Pulitzer is a notion that refuses to the, recent scholarship notwithstanding. David Nasaw, for one, sought to dismantle this stereotype in The Chief, his outstanding biography of Hearst published in 2000. At the New York Journal, which Hearst acquired in 1895, Nasaw wrote, Hearst and his staff constantly improved on their product with provocative headlines, outstanding writing, and excellent layout. Hearst hardly was waiting for Pulitzer's lead or guidance as the press period unfolded in the mid- and late- 1890s. And yet, the notion that Hearst was a shameless imitator is revived in David Spencer's The Yellow the most recent book-length treatment of a fascinating and much-misunderstood period in American journalism. Spencer, who teaches at the University of Western Ontario, writes engagingly and with characteristic wit. He seems truly fascinated by the American press and its larger-than-life personalities. But his characterization of Hearst as a poseur who copied Pulitzer's concepts shamelessly is as unfortunate and as it is misleading. To misunderstand Hearst is to run the risk of misunderstanding as it was practiced in the late nineteenth century. There was, to be sure, much to criticize in Hearst's especially in his Journal's overheated reporting in the runup to the Spanish-American War of 1898. But whatever his faults, Hearst in New York did not try to imitate Pulitzer, or Pulitzer's New York World. Hearst's Journal positioned itself as the vanguard of the new in fin-de-siecle America and routinely disparaged Pulitzer and the World as stodgy, stale, and boring. Hearst took inspiration not from Pulitzer but from Europe. He borrowed the model of the new from the British press, specifically William T. Stead of the Pall Mall Gazette. Stead's theory of government by journalism, advanced in the 1880s, found resonance in Hearst's vision of journalism of action, by which the Journal sought to inject itself as a high-profile participant in public life to render any public service within its power. Hearst set out his activist theory in 1897, the same year that yellow first appeared in print, in the now-defunct New York Press. Spencer refers to, but does not meaningfully explore, the journalism of action, which found greatest expression in October 1897 in the Journals rescue of a nineteen-year-old political prisoner in Havana, Evangelina Cisneros. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,004 | 0,008 |
| Communication savante | 0,014 | 0,016 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,015 | 0,003 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».