Studies on the Gamma Radiation Responses of High Tc Superconductors
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Résumé
The Future applications of new solid state materials, electronic devices and detectors in radiation environments like Fission and Fusion new generation of Nuclear Reactors, as well as astronomical researches, require a well established understanding about the radiation response of all these items. In addition to foregoing applications the Gamma Radiation ( R) combined effects of energy dependent displacement per atom (dpa) rates and high penetration strength might be attractive for getting a deeper understanding. In particular for high temperature superconductors (HTS) these are interesting for get a better comprehension about their superconducting mechanisms. Quite controversial results have been reported in R damage studies on HTS, especially on regard to the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x (YBCO) superconducting behavior. On this way, the papers dedicated to study gamma irradiation effects on the HTS properties are characterized for a lack of coincidence in criteria and results. Some authors have observed an improvement of the superconducting properties with dose increment These contradictions have not been completely explained yet; some authors even attribute these behaviors to a "sample effect" However, Belevtsev et al. (Belevtsev et al., 2000) has determined the relationship between the superconducting order parameter 2 and the density of oxygen vacancy rate lower bound, expressed in displacement per atom, in order to achieve significant modification of the superconducting behavior. On this ground, by means of the Oen-Holmes-Cahn atom displacement calculation algorithm That makes the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-superconducting material mean intervacancies distance close to its superconducting coherence length or order parameter 2 , in which case the superconducting properties will be modified. Consequently, a systematic behavior of HTS material properties upon R must be expected to be observed, where superconducting intrinsic properties (crystal and electronic structures, critical superconducting temperature), as well extrinsic ones (critical www.intechopen.com Superconductor 136 superconducting electrical current, electric resistivity at normal state) must show proper dependences on both, the induced dpa rates and the gamma radiation incident energies. Present chapter is devoted presenting the research findings on regard the main physical issues characterizing the gamma radiation damages in high Tc superconductors, focusing to the induced superconducting and normal state physical properties modifications. Firstly, in section 2 the basic concepts in gamma radiation damage studies on solids are presented, supported by an introduction to main approaches for calculating dpa rate distributions, which are discussed in section 3. Section 4 is devoted to simulations studies of gamma radiation transport in YBCO material, particularly those related to in-depth dpa profile distribution. Gamma radiation damage effects on the YBCO intrinsic properties are reported in section 5, involving the crystalline structure and superconducting critical temperature T c behaviors under gamma irradiation. Finally, the R damage effects on the YBCO extrinsic properties on regard to the superconducting critical electric current Jc and electrical resistivity in non superconducting normal state are discussed in section 6.
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