The Paradox of Globalization as an "Untotalizable Totality" in Salman Rushdie's the Ground beneath Her Feet
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In his 1999 novel The Ground Beneath Her Feet, Salman Rushdie explores shifting cultural ground upon which identifies, nations, and empires are built. In its evocation of music as a globalized cultural phenomenon,(1) Rushdie's novel is at once a celebration of a fluid, hybrid vision of contemporary life and a darker portrait of fragmented, divisive nature of contemporary politics. As such, novel illustrates what could be called paradox of globalization: while as ongoing process globalization signals a literal and symbolic opening up of world to heterogeneous cultures and identifies that comprise it, globalization also brings with it hegemonic economic and cultural practices against which national and cultural entities must form their own sites of resistance. This study examines Rushdie's latest novel in terms of its articulation of paradox of globalization. I will take Fredric Jameson's provisional definition of globalization as an untotalizable totality(2) as my starting point, because it closely mirrors Rushdie's evocation of globalization as a phenomenon that cannot be underestimated as a tool for political and economic domination or as impetus for greater cultural diversification. I will also contextualize Rushdie's novel within other theoretical and cultural perspectives regarding effects of globalization on a global and local scale. To this end, I hope to offer a discussion of globalization that does justice to Rushdie's nuanced, multifaceted critique of globalizing processes in The Ground Beneath Her Feet. By considering globalization as ongoing process with implications as far-reaching as they are numerous, I must point out shortcomings of Rushdie's own particularly cosmopolitan discourse, one which often tends to overemphasize globally shared cultural references, such as those found in pop culture, in otherwise linguistically, culturally, and economically stratified and diverse world. Oscillating between India, Britain, United States, and Mexico, The Ground Beneath Her Feet is indicative of Rushdie's step into a more global fictional terrain, one that is nonetheless grounded in ongoing narrative of postcolonial identity. Even though Rushdie speaks of his latest work as his first American novel ... because rock `n' roll is a thing that came from America,(3) The Ground Beneath Her Feet finds its inception in his previous works, and specifically includes characters and themes from Midnight's Children (1981), The Satanic Verses (1988), and The Moor's Last Sigh (1995).(4) To some extent, The Ground Beneath Her Feet is another chapter in continuing saga of postcolonial India, a saga that begins with Midnight's Children's Saleem Sinai, split consciousness of a new body politic.(5) Upon finding body politic of a decolonized India too fragmented, Sinai eventually invests his hope for national unity in his son, Aadam, by end of Midnight's Children. Sinai's hope is then deferred across narrative framework of The Satanic Verses, a novel in which emigration, fate of numerous decolonized states, renders national unity and postcolonial autonomy ever-evasive dream. Aadam makes a return appearance in The Moor's Last Sigh, a novel concerned with extreme outbreaks of sectarian violence plaguing contemporary India. Here, Aadam (now Adam) no longer symbolizes hope for a plural, secular, and united nation. Instead, he becomes symbol of overblown and sinister expansion into global market: his elephantine ears are akin to Star TV satellite dishes, his call to unity is a mere front for developing citizens in interest of optimis[ing] manpower utilisation.(6) Representing infiltration of outside world in new, nefarious forms of cultural capital, Aadam is globalization personified; or, in Rushdie's pun on random access memory, he is the RAM(7) of a technocratic takeover. As such, he is merely counterpart to other, internal battering Ram: Hindu fundamentalist discourse of RamRajyaist organization. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».