Development of medial coronoid disease in Labrador retrievers: Diagnostic and pathogenic studies
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Medial coronoid disease (MCD) of the canine elbow joint was first reported in 1974 as a developmental skeletal disease causing forelimb lameness in dogs. It is known as one of the most frequently diagnosed heritable disorders of dogs and usually affects young, large breed dogs, including Labrador retrievers. It has been described under a well-known umbrella disease i.e. elbow dysplasia together with entities such as ununited anconeal process, osteochondrosis or osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral trochlea, and joint incongruity. Diagnostic and pathogenic aspects were described in this thesis. Despite its variable sensitivity (10-62%), radiography is the first-line tool for diagnosing MCD due to its availability and easy access. In comparison with radiography, computed tomography (CT) is superior because it enables assessment of the medial coronoid process on multiplanar reconstructed images. We demonstrated wide ranges of radiographic, CT, and arthroscopic findings in Labrador retrievers in different age groups during their presentation to the clinic for lameness investigation. In a longitudinal study, following the development of incipient MCD, we demonstrated that MCD can be detected by means of CT in dogs as young as 14 weeks old (sensitivity, 30.8% ) and that the lesion mostly originates at the base of the MCP. Radiographically, incipient MCD was not detected. Subtrochlear sclerosis might develop in an advanced stage of MCD and should be regarded as a secondary change. Since MCD can occur without relevant radiographic and CT findings, a thorough physical examination and history taking remain essential to the diagnosis. In this thesis, we investigated the potential of a biomarker, namely, Col2-3/4Clong mono (C2C) in the plasma and synovial fluid from elbow joints of Labrador puppies to diagnose incipient MCD and found that the plasma and synovial C2C concentration is not useful as a biomarker to detect early stage of the MCD without signs of osteoarthritis.Regarding the pathogenesis, there was a significant depletion of GAG from articular cartilage in an early stage of MCD, before clinical signs are manifest.Due to the limitations of the study, e.g. single time point study, we cannot conclude that MCD develops as a result of changes in articular cartilage or that the GAG loss we observed was a consequence of MCD. We also postulated that it is unlikely that the joint incongruity was associated with the development of MCD in these Labrador retrievers.We documented that MCD development occurred due to a disturbance of endochondral ossification, and in particular delayed mineralization in the calcifying zone. We postulated that the retained hyaline cartilage could ultimately ossify during MCD progression, but weaker points might also develop into cracks between the retained hyaline cartilage and the subchondral bone of the MCP. Increased pressure or shearing forces during joint movement will lead to detachment of the coronoid process.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».