Gender Roles in Two Student Federations in Western Mexico
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
We present a preliminary analysis of twenty-two in-depth interviews with current and past members of two student federations in western Mexico: the Federacion de Estudiantes de Colima (Student Federation of Colima) (FEC) and the Federacion de Estudiantes de Jalisco (Student Federation of Jalisco) (FEJ). The data reported here forms part of qualitative and historical data collected in 2006 as part of an ethnohistoric research project that aimed to determine the evolution of gender roles within the aforementioned student federations as a means to understand changing notions of gender, gender roles, and women's political participation within the university setting. We find that while women have increased participation in formal leadership such as becoming presidents of student societies or as leaders of certain secretaries within each federation, their participation in the formal, elite leadership, of student federations is limited due to 1) the overall traditional conception of gender and 2) the fact that women maintain roles based on the domestic notion of women's work being supportive or as helping. Introduction A paradox in Mexico--and in the rest of Latin America, for that matter--is that while women have been prominently active in civil society, they remain marginal players in formal politics. ~Victoria E. Rodriguez (2003, 21). In this article we present a preliminary analysis of 22 in-depth interviews with current and former members of two student federations in western Mexico: the Federacion de Estudiantes Colimenses (Student Federation of Colima or FEC) and the Federacion de Estudiantes de Jalsico (Student Federation of Jalisco or FEJ). The interviews were collected between January and December of 2006 as part of an ethnohistoric study exploring the evolution of gender roles and women's leadership within the student federations of the Universidad de Colima (a public higher education institution) and the Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara (a private higher education institution). Since leadership in university student federations in Mexico has historically been linked with later participation in local, state, and federal politics (Gomez Nashiki, 2003), examining how gender is constructed within the sphere of university student politics may shed light on how women's formative university experiences shape their political participation later in life. According to the statutes of the FEC and FEJ, student federations are designed to create and maintain student identity and unity; defend academic, cultural, and economic interests of the student body; negotiate to solve problems between university administration and students; and ensure that student rights are respected by university authorities. The federations are organized hierarchically with an executive board comprised of a president, vice-president, and secretariats such as the General Secretariat, Organization Secretariat, Finance Secretariat, Student Affairs Secretariat, Administrative Affairs Secretariat, and the Women's Affairs Secretariat. The presidency is also comprised of three sub-commissions and each secretariat is comprised of sub-commissions as well. Each school/department or facultad within the university as well as high schools within the university system are represented by a Student Society, which in turn has a president, vice-president, and secretary. As Renteria et al. (2005, 2007) point out in their study of women's participation in student associations of the FEC, women have historically been excluded from top leadership positions within the student federation. In the 50-year history of the FEC, there has only been one woman president (1989-1992). The FEJ of Guadalajara has been in existence for over 70 years and, to our knowledge, has not had a female president. While the number of women serving in formal leadership as presidents of the student societies has been growing, in general women's participation has been limited to secondary positions as secretaries of women's affairs, sub-secretaries, or general members. …
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