Soil Compaction - Impact of Harvesters' and Forwarders' Passages on Plant Growth
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The goal of forestry management is to sustain continual development of forest ecosystems that optimally fulfil their productive and non-productive functions. In order to achieve this goal, the full productive capacity of forest stands needs to be maintained while respecting all the natural processes in the soil, including microbiological organisms, physical properties, nutrient reserves and regeneration processes of the ecosystem. W e n e e d t o a p p r o a c h h e r b s a s w e l l a s w oods holistically, including the root system architecture and functions. Growth of the above-ground system depends on the state of the root system functions, and vice versa. If the conditions for an activity of the root system are limited, the functioning of the above-ground system will be limited too. During thinning activities in all age groups of forest stands and during the subsequent recovery, progressive harvesting technologies that use mobile means of mechanisation (predominantly harvesters and forwarders) are applied more and more commonly. In contrast to the motomanual technologies that were used in the past, harvesters and forwarders are considerably safer and more productive. However, the passage of heavy machinery on the soil surface causes disruption of the soil environment and mechanical damage to roots. In 1947, it was found that harvesting disrupted soil by modifying its structure and moisture characteristics Despite more than sixty years of research, we still do not fully understand the impact of soil compaction on forest productivity. Due to the global interest in maintaining forest resources and the sustainable development of forest production, a number of conferences have been organised, including the Earth Summit in 1992, which gave rise to the Montreal Process At this summit, soil compaction was defined as one of the soil indicators of the forest health state. Soil compaction is affected by both endogenous and exogenous soil factors. Horn (1988) defined the following endogenous factors as responsible for soil compaction: distribution and size of soil elements, type of clay mineral, type and amount of absorbed cations, content of organic matter, soil structure, soil stabilisation, topsoil material, bulk density of soil, pore continuity and water content. Exogenous factors include the duration, intensity and means of wood harvesting and wood loading. For instance, different machines, or even the same machines with different tyres, differ in their loading and pressure on the soil. Work by
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle