Changes in Conformation and Walk Kinematics of Suckling and Weanling Warmblood Foals
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The objectives of these two studies were to characterize normal growth and resultant changes in conformation and walk kinematics of warmblood foals. The first study quantified linear and angular conformation changes of 13 warmblood foals during the first 9 mo of growth. An objective photographic method of evaluating conformation was used to obtain all data. All linear measurements increased significantly over the investigated ages and growth rates were highest in the first 2 mo of growth. Total percentage of growth during the study was greatest for neck and back length. Distal limb growth was minimal over the investigated ages. Metacarpal growth slowed earlier than many other traits. Length of the metatarsus increased minimally during the studied ages with significant growth occurring only between 23 wk and post-weaning measurements. Increasing wither heights were positively associated with increases in scapula, humerus, radius, ilium, femur, tibia and metatarsal and metacarpal lengths. Angular conformation also changed significantly during growth. Trends in angular changes were generally less clear than those for linear variables. Scapula, femur and hock angles significantly increased and humerus angle decreased with age. Utilizing a plumb line from the hock upward, the distance of the hindlimb behind the body was quantified. The distance out behind decreased significantly between 1 and 15 wk. Distance out behind was positively correlated with tibia angle at all ages. The second study quantified linear and temporal kinematics of the walk in growing foals. Nine warmblood foals from the first study were filmed as they walked over a uniform concrete surface covered in 13mm thick rubber matting. Speed was controlled through the use of a uniform handler with a metronome. Trait means at ages 3, 11, 21 wk and post-weaning were compared. Length variables were standardized to percent of total stride length. Temporal variables were standardized to percent of stride duration. Stride length and duration increased significantly with age. Step lengths, stance duration and protraction and retraction durations did not change across ages. Over-stride decreased significantly with age, potentially due to increased back length in older foals. Linear distance between diagonal hooves during stance increased with age, and was negatively correlated to the decrease in over-stride. While older foals appeared to display a more regular, 4-beat walk rhythm, timing between lateral and diagonal footfalls remained significantly different at all ages. Both conformation and kinematics changed during growth. Characterizing conformational changes due to growth can allow a better understanding of how foal conformation and gait change during growth and may predict these traits in adults, thus allowing selection of top performance prospects at a younger age.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».