Vascular Compromise and Hemodynamics in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Model Predictions
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Pulmonary circulation modelA computer model of the normal pulmonary circulation based on animal (dog) data obtained in the literature was previously developed by Bshouty and Younes (for details see references [S1, S2]).The model is described briefly and only details not included in the original model development will be included here.The original model is a multibranch model that bifurcates sequentially starting from the pulmonary artery (PA) up to eight (four generations) precapillary and capillary channels.The model was later modified to include five generations ending in sixteen precapillary and capillary channels (Figure S1).On the venous side, the vessels converge and reunite sequentially to end in the left atrium (LA).The resistance of a given vessel in the model is dependent on vessel dimensions (length and cross-sectional area).Changes in vessel dimensions occur in response to changes in lung volume and intravascular pressure (P v ).The original multibranch model was developed between 1987 and 1989, when microprocessors operated at 4.77 MHz.At the time, each extra-alveolar vessel was divided into twenty-five segments.This was done in order to shorten the time needed to go through the thousands of calculations and iterations needed to produce a stable solution (which at the time, took several minutes per one set of data).With the development of faster microprocessors, the number of segments of each extra-alveolar vessel was gradually increased initially to one hundred segments and is currently set at a thousand segments.Results obtained with twenty-five segments differed from results obtained with one hundred segments at the second decimal level and results obtained with a thousand segments differed from results obtained with one hundred segments mostly at the third decimal level and are therefore, not clinically significant.Similarly, results obtained with the four-generation model when compared with the five-generation model differed only at the second decimal level and are therefore, also not clinically significant.All simulations presented in this paper were generated with the five-generation model and 1000 segment vessels (See footnote).Cross-sectional area of each arterial (A a ) and venous (A v ) segment is calculated based on the transmural pressure (P tm ) across that segment, P tm being intravascular minus perivascular pressure (P x ).The characteristic behaviour of A a as a function of P tm was derived from data obtained by Smith and Mitzner (S3) and Maloney et al (S4) and described in detail by Bshouty and Younes (S1).It is expressed by the following linear relationship, SuppleMentary Material
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».