Effects of Voice Training on Speech Intelligibility of Individuals with Parkinson's Disease

I am a singer and a voice teacher.My research interest is to understand more deeply how a singer's identity is constituted.Why does a young person decide to become a singer?Who is a classical singer?Who is a pop singer?How does the singer make her choices and how do external factors, such as artistic status, public opinion, and peer pressure, influence her choice of career?In order to learn more about song and identity, I selected three young Norwegian singers, from classical song, pop, and jazz traditions, respectively.I chose informants who are professional performers, recently educated at higher music institutions, who classify themselves as belonging to a certain genre.I conducted in-depth interviews with them over the course of a year, exploring the singers' narratives and reflections about professional identity.What I will present here is an extract of my results concerning one particular dimension, namely the influence of classical song ideals in the formation of all three singers.Classical song seems to represent a professional authority that they all use to measure and develop their own competence and identity. Theoretical ApproachMy theoretical approach is discourse analysis.I use the tools of discourse theory, primarily Michel Foucault's (1972) work with power-relationships.From this perspective, all human social activities are seen as constructions of meaning, as processes of understanding (Burr, 2001).Identity formation is, therefore, a continuous, cultural process embedded in patterns of meaning.A discourse can be defined as an unambiguous understanding of what it is possible to do, say, be, think, or express within a certain framework of people and material objects.Discourses are tacitly constituted by the hidden agreements we make when we categorize, when we accept something as normal and subordinate ourselves to wider systems, such as school, healthcare, or kinship.Discourses control and organize actions and thoughts.Discourses rule our minds as social individuals and make us take decisions on who we want to be, how we want to appear for others.In vocal cultures, discourses are enacted by singers when they accept and propagate norms and conventions within their genre as acceptable and worthy.The meaning patterns people live by, the sanctions we try to

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