Online vs. Offline Movie Rental: A Comparative Study of Carbon Footprints
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction The increasingly cogent evidence that the environmental sustainability of our planet is rapidly deteriorating due to human actions has made the concept of Sustainability a key focus of humankind. Nonetheless, in order to assess the impact of various factors and complex underlying dynamics on Sustainability, we often need some quantitative and qualitative frameworks and models to make objective decisions (Velasquez, Ahmad and Bliemel, 2009; Velasquez, 2003). This paper employs quantitative approaches to compare the environmental impact of Online and Offline Movie Disc Rental services. In order to achieve as much Eco-Efficiency and Eco-Efficacy as possible in the modern business environment, the companies must continuously employ innovative processes to bring positive changes in the triple bottom line (Velasquez, Ahmad and Bliemel, 2009). In the current information age, it is possible to create new business models, value propositions, and more efficient and competitive firms. Based on the available technology infrastructure, an organization is able to communicate with its internal and external stakeholders in a seamless flow of information, and the Internet plays a major role in this digital integration. Indeed, the Internet has become the infrastructure of choice for E-Commerce because it offers businesses an easier and low cost way to link with customers and other businesses. Moreover, it is the Internet that helps companies to reduce their transaction costs (Laudon and Laudon, 2007). Indeed, it has been argued by many researchers and practitioners that the Internet and E-Commerce can help in realizing a sustainable development for human beings and the environment (The Climate Group, 2008). However, such arguments lack scientific evidence in most cases. Nevertheless, the trend is most certainly having shoppers move towards online shopping. Indeed, online retailing is growing tremendously worldwide. For instance, US online retail reached US$175 billion in 2007 and is projected to grow to US$335 billion by 2012 (Forrester, 2008). Similarly, Canadian online retail reached US$12.9 billion in 2007 and is projected to grow to US$22.2 billion by 2012 (eMarketer, 2008). Moreover, the online services in Canada are growing rapidly; the amount of US$12 million was spent in online Movie Rental service in Canada in 2006. By 2011 the number is expected to surpass US$285 million (Pricewaterhouse Coopers LLP, 2007). There are various underlying causes for such a strong trend towards online retailing. For instance, it has been argued that the Web channel has been relatively successful because it is a destination for consumers to find low prices and it is perceived to be more convenient than shopping in stores (Forrester, 2008). Based on the USA experiences, the growth of online shopping and services is driven by two major factors: first, by the growing rate of fast Internet connections which allow more interaction and faster buying process for the Online customers; and second, for the extensive and effective marketing strategies used specially by some of the larger online corporations (Punkett Research, 2009). In the worldwide ranking, Canada belongs to the top 15 in Internet usage (Computer Industry Almanac Inc., 2007). In 2008, Canada had 28 million Internet users, which is almost two-thirds of all Canadians (Internet World Stats, 2009). Considering the current economic crisis, the last three household items from the list of ten that Canadians would cut are the home Internet, Movie Rentals, and cell phone. However, the first seven that they will cut to their budget are big ticket events, Movie going, DVD buying, magazine subscription, cable/satellite TV extras, video game buying, and home phone. These results, from a survey conducted by Solutions Research Group in Canada and the USA, showed that during a recession households prioritize, almost like heating and water, the relative new services of home Internet, Movie Rentals and cell phone (Robertson, 2008). …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».