Interpretation of vertical and lateral seismic profiles : some case histories

The integrated processing and interpretation of VSP data are developed to work together in order to enhance the final VSP interpretation. Furthermore, the interpretive processing of the VSP data within the case histories are reviewed along with the incorporation of the final VSP results (both near and far offset data) into the integrated geological/geophysical interpretations presented in the case studies. This thesis has attempted to personify the term "interpreter/processor" as first highlighted in Hardage (1985). The case histories pertain to oil and gas exploration in carbonate reef and sandstones in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). The Lanaway case history (Hinds et al., 1994a) pertains to the exploration of the Lanaway/Garrington oil field located in central Alberta, Canada. The surface seismic interpretation over the reef crest differed dramatically from the isopach of the reef-encasing shales derived from the geological logs of a borehole drilled into the reef crest. To understand the discrepancy, a VSP survey was performed and the data were interpretatively processed. The results were integrated with the known geology of the field area to uncover possible reasons for the surface seismic anomaly. field in central Alberta, Canada, using the far offset VSP survey. Existing surface seismic was used to infer that a well drilled into the interpreted North-east corner of the Ricinus reef would be successful in penetrating oil bearing carbonate reef. The well was drilled; however, the well missed the reef and a near and far offset VSP survey was used to seismically image possible reef buildups in an area around the well. The Fort St. John Graben case history (Hinds et al., 1991a; Hinds et al., 1993a) highlights exploration of a gas-filled channel sandstone using near and far offset (lateral) VSP surveys. An exploration well was drilled within the study area which intersected the target zone sandstone (the basal Kiskatinaw of the Upper Carboniferous). The target sandstone had a high shale content and was not reservoir quality. A near offset and two far offset VSP surveys were run in the exploration well to image out to a distance of 350 m to the North-west and to the East of the well. The VSP, surface seismic and geology results (from the geological logs of the exploration and surrounding wells) are integrated to infer a clearer picture of the sand/shale relationships of the basal Kiskatinaw and detailed faulting of the Carboniferous strata around the well and within the surface seismic line area. The Simonette field case history (Hinds et al., 1991 b; Hinds et al., 1993b) involves using VSP results to image the slope of a low-relief carbonate reef. The low-relief reef examined using the VSP data is located at the extreme end of a North-east reef spur of the Simonette Reef located in North-west Alberta, Canada. An exploration well drilled in the low-relief reef penetrated the edge of the reef. The VSP surveys were run in order to infer details of the reef slope. The interpretation of the VSP data was integrated with all other exploration data to infer the location of the crest of the low-relief reef and to assist in determining whether to whipstock the exploration well or not.

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