Smart Synergistic Security Sensory Network for Harsh Environments: Net4S

IntroductionThis chapter discusses the basic requirements for the design and algorithms of operation of a multi-parametric, synergistic sensory network -Smart Synergistic Security Sensory Network or Net4S -specially adapted for operation at nuclear power plants or other potentially dangerous sites.This network contains sensors of different types and is capable of analyzing the dynamics of environmental processes and predicting the most probable events.The discussion includes analysis of: 1) the technical aspects of operability of the sensors, optical and electrical telecommunication channels, and computers in the presence of ionizing radiation; 2) the influence of environmental parameters on the sensors' accuracy and network operability; and 3) the development of simulators capable of advising safe solutions based on the analysis of the data acquired by the Net4S.Such a real-time operating network should monitor: (1) environmental and atmospheric conditions -chemical, biological, radiological, explosive, and weather hazards; (2) climate/man-induced catastrophes; (3) contamination of water, soil, food chains, and public health care delivery; and (4) large public/industrial/government/military areas.Military personnel, police officers, firefighters, miners, rescue teams, and nuclear power plant personnel may use the mobile terminals (man-operated vehicles or unmanned robots) as separate multi-sensor units for local and remote monitoring.Among different types of sensors, only optical laser sensors can respond immediately and remotely.Such sensors can simultaneously monitor several gases, vapours, and ions with the help of single tunable laser; however, the use of several lasers operating at different, well separated wavelengths, dramatically improves accuracy and reliability, and increases the number of monitored substances.The Net4S, monitoring a number of parameters inside and outside a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), can serve as the security, safety, and controlling system of the NPP.Besides the technical issues, the chapter also discusses the social aspects of the Nuclear Power Plants' design, construction, and exploitation.Some power consumption-free technologies that significantly improve the reliability of the Nuclear Power Plant are discussed.In principle, open access publishing is a purely commercial project.After submitting a paper to classical journals, the author should wait for a relatively long time and should fight with the reviewers -the "narrow specialists" are the author's competitors and usually state that www.intechopen.comNuclear Power -Control, Reliability and Human Factors 86 everything is known, that the subject of publication is not interesting, and that the author is of low qualification.The "wide specialists" do not understand what the paper is about and criticize in general -the current tendency in science and technology are out of the subject that the author discusses, that any laser now can be bought off the shelf, and so on.Because of this paradox, a lot of the papers that were later nominated for prestigious awards were initially rejected.In some sense, open access publishing is free from these disadvantages.However, since the publisher should generate maximum profits from this activity, the high requirements for the quality of publications are difficult to be completed.The next argument is then why so critically select the papers if, anyway, no one can or wants to estimate the real value of new papers.At the same time, open access publications have one very serious advantage.Government experts mostly write in reports what their chiefs expect to hear from them, post-graduate students write to please their supervisors, and Professors write proposals on subjects that the funding agencies declare in calls, and so on.These are because, directly or indirectly, all these categories are payable from the "top publishers".So, once a funding agency declares a solicitation for the investigation of ozone hole, a lot of researchers demonstrate how dangerous the hole is.As soon as the funding ends, nobody remembers what the ozone hole is.A somewhat different situation is present with open access publishing: the author pays for the publication, so he/she is almost free not to lie.However, other public requirements, such as generating more publications before a thesis defense, getting a Professorship position, or being awarded by a Government or private agency push people to publish something.Thus, they invest money in future benefits.No one is absolutely honest and those who believe that they are, very often have limited knowledge of the subject they discuss and analyze.The ways to develop a really safe and effective Nuclear Power plant are very twisted and long.The NPP is very big, complex, expensive to be built and proven in different variants.Drosophila flight is much more perfect in design and implementation since the generation time is several tens of hours, not tens of years as it is for NPPs.Until now, the problem of design and safe exploitation of a NPP is very challenging and uncertain.The author of this chapter is a specialist in laser physics and optical sensors, not in atomic physics or its applications.However, Dr. I. Peshko was working in Kyiv, Ukraine at the moment of Chernobyl's "peaceful explosion" and watched the reaction and behavior of regular people, academics, government organizations, and researchers.These observations can be very useful for analytical specialists who develop general principles of design, exploitation, and control of the NPPs.In such a "twilling zone" as the NPP, the probabilistic estimation of a single independent person may sometimes be more valuable than official reports and opinions of specialists.The bottom line is that official reports are typically prepared by specialists and officials to protect themselves and to hide their past mistakes, not to protect the future of millions of people.Every time I think about Chernobyl's events, I remember my mother who spent all her life as a housekeeper in a small town in Northern Ukraine and understood nothing about atomic energy.One day, when a radio broadcast informed us about the government's decision to build Chernobyl's Nuclear Power Plant, my mother said, "My feelings are very bad.How is it possible to construct a nuclear station in a place that is a source of water for tens of millions of people?"As I laughed, I replied, "The Chief of the Atomic energy program promised to install his bed on the top of the reactor to demonstrate how safe a reactor is."Unfortunately, time has shown how wrong the best specialist was and how right a regular housekeeper was. How to referenceIn order to correctly reference this scholarly work, feel free to copy and paste the following: Igor Peshko (2011).Smart Synergistic Security Sensory Network for Harsh Environments: Net4S, Nuclear Power -Control, Reliability and Human Factors, Dr. Pavel Tsvetkov (Ed.),

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