Virtual Endoscopy of the Nasal Cavity and the Paranasal Sinuses
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The ideal approach to sinus surgery has been a mystery that many Otolaryngologists have attempted to discover throughout their career. The intricate and complex anatomy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses has challenged many in terms of adequate exposure during surgery, as well as proper relief of patient symptoms. From the days of Hirschmann, who used a modified cystoscope to examine the sinuses in 1901 (Draf, 1983, as cited in Rice & Schaefer, 2004), to the work of Messerklinger and Wigand in establishing operative techniques later in that century (Rice & Schaefer, 2004), surgeons have appreciated the obscurity and complexity of endoscopic sinus surgery for decades. Traditionally, pre-operative planning has consisted of imaging modalities, namely x-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, as well as flexible or rigid endoscopy in the clinic. With the advent of helical CT in the late 1980s, pre-operative imaging has improved dramatically. It is faster than the conventional CT scanner and provides more details (Wood & Razavi, 2002). In fact, helical CT has provided physicians with the ability to attain reconstruction of axial images into coronal and sagittal views with resolution quality equivalent to the original axial cuts. Imaging for the paranasal sinuses is ideally viewed in coronal slices as Otolaryngologists enter the nasal cavity in an anterior-posterior direction rather than the cephalocaudal direction represented by axial slices. Furthermore, the coronal view allows the examination of critical relationships such as the osteomeatal complex, not provided by axial imaging. The use of MRI for better soft tissue examination and less artifacts has also improved imaging of the head and neck (Kettenbach et al., 2008). The dependence of Otolaryngologists on proper pre-operative imaging highlights the strong relationship between radiologists and otolaryngologists in endoscopic sinus surgery in order to precisely locate numerous vital structures, such as the orbits and the internal carotid arteries, surrounding the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses and to identify benign and pathologic anomalies. Recently, virtual endoscopy (VE) through reconstruction of CT images has interested Otolaryngologists that perform endoscopic sinus surgery. This contemporary technology facilitates the difficult task of mentally conceptualizing complex and intricate anatomy in a three-dimensional model from two-dimensional CT images, a task that requires years of experience to truly master. VE utilizes the technique of surface or volumetric rendering to process data provided by CT images to allow three-dimensional visualization of tubular
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».