Size- and Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Monodisperse Metal Oxide and Mixed Oxide Nanocrystals
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
A nanocrystal or nanoparticle (not fully crystalline) is defined as a particle with size in range of 1 to 100 nm (102 to 107 atoms) from zero (0D) to three dimensions (3D), which exhibits the unique physiochemical properties due to the quantum size effect that cannot be anticipated from bulk counterparts. Strictly speaking, the name of “nanocrystal” is only used for crystalline nanoparticle, and is however a more general term which can refer to both crystalline and non-crystalline nanoparticles. Accordingly, their particle size is intermediate between the size of molecule and bulk solid (Rao, Muller and Cheetham 2005, Sorensen 2009). Nanocrystals can be formed in a variety of shapes including dot, sphere, cube, rod, triangle, hexagon and many others. In this size range, they possess an immense surface area per unit volume, a very large percentage of atoms in the surface. As a result, their unexpected properties can be obtained as compared to those of both individual atoms/molecules and bulk counterpart of the same chemical composition. Sizeand shape-dependent properties of the nanocrystals can be tuned by changing the dimension and designing the shape (Rao et al. 2005). Due to the materials at the nanoscale, low coordination number, surfaced edge and corner atoms are usually chemically reactive, catalytically active and polarisable surface, contributing to their high chemical potential. For example, the high surface area is of particular importance regarding heterogeneous catalytic reactions, because of the increase of interaction of reactive molecules and active sites on the catalyst surface (Abbet and Heiz 2005). Furthermore, the particle size not only affects their surface area, but also arise new properties, due to the quantum-size effect (e.g., electron confinement and surface effect) (Kroes et al. 2002, Kamat et al. 2010). Considerable efforts have recently been devoted to the preparation of metal oxide and mixed oxide nanomaterials due to both their unique properties and their technological applications (Seshadri 2005, Burda et al. 2005, Mao et al. 2007, Yin and Alivisatos 2005). Metal oxides including the transition metals and rare earths, display a wide variety of complex structures and interesting electronic and magnetic properties associated with the changes in electronic structure and bonding and in the presence of ordered defect complexes or extended defects. The nanostructured mixed oxides can greatly generate new synergetic properties and improve the overall application performance, that is not available from single metal oxide species, due to the appropriate combination of individual oxide
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle