The Role of the Clitoris in Sexual Behaviour and Reward In the Female Rat
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Sexual behaviour encompasses a variety of sensory stimuli that makes sex rewarding in both humans and rats alike. Despite what we know about the clitoris’ contribution to sexual pleasure in human females there is still a lack of research focusing on the function of the clitoris and its role in learning, sexual development, and sexual expression. The rat is a good animal model for the study of sexual function and dysfunction and can be used to add to our understanding of clitoral stimulation and function. Accordingly, the five chapters encompassing this thesis were designed to expand our comprehension of the role that the clitoris plays in female sexual behaviour and reward in the rat. Chapter 1 showed that the clitoris is important for interpreting genital signals that differentiate stimulation received from males during copulation. It also showed that sexual experience buffers female rat pacing behaviour from the disruptive effects of lidocaine administration to the clitoris. Chapter 2 showed that manual external clitoral stimulation (CLS) is rewarding as assessed by the development of robust conditioned place preference, and activates immediate early gene c-fos expression selectively in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) and medial amygdala (MeA). Chapter 3 showed that manual external CLS could be paired with a neutral olfactory stimulus in sexually naïve rats and induced a copulatory partner preference for a male bearing the odour cue during the female’s first sexual experience with males. Moreover, if CLS was applied to sexually naïve \nrats in the presence of a scented but inaccessible male, those females solicited more an unscented male during their first sexual experience with males. Thus, the ability \n \n \n \nof CLS to be a positive reinforcer is context-dependent. Chapter 4 examined the sexual reward state induced by paced mating or CLS and its dependence on ovarian hormones. The conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by CLS developed regardless of the hormonal state of the female, whereas paced-mating induced CPP required hormonal priming. This shows that the reward state induced by CPP is independent of ovarian hormones, whereas the sexual behaviors that entice males to mount and intromit (thus bringing the clitoris into contact with the male’s penis and perineum at the female’s preferred rate) are not. Finally, Chapter 5 showed that prior copulatory experience with males eliminated the ability of CLS alone to induce CPP, suggesting either that experience with full internal and external CLS provided by a male conspecific has a greater reward magnitude and/or that copulatory experience renders subsequent external CLS alone ineffective as an unconditioned stimulus due to sensory preconditioning. Taken together, these data show that external CLS is a powerful reinforcer to a sexually naïve female rat. Although its hedonic value is not dependent on ovarian hormones, the sexual behaviors required to receive it are, and copulatory experience appears to reduce or eliminate its hedonic value.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».