Valorization in public health genomics : a conceptual development from technology transfer to healthcare integration

facilitate this framework include interactions of people from multiple disciplines for example, basic and applied university researchers, industrial partners, hospitals, contract researchers, venture capitalists, funding agencies including both non and governmental, human resource department, policy makers and local government.The expectation of the stakeholders within this framework is consistent and clear communication and interactions between the different players involved to facilitate knowledge valorization. Open InnovationsAnother term related to valorization is open innovation.Open innovation [24] can be defined as to profit from external knowledge without making heavy internal investment in long term research.This may include any form of cooperation with third parties that can contribute to improve the long term performance of a company as well as grants both governmental and NGOs.Cooperation with third parties, for example contracted research to private institutes, companies or universities will help in avoiding substantial investment in one's own infrastructure to do research to develop say a product.Licensing production is another example.Stakeholders expect minimal amount of investment with m ax i m al am o u nt o f r e t ur ns .C o nsi s t e nc y c an v ar y f r o m c ase t o c as e as w el l as o r g ani z at i o n t o organization.Current trends (patents, trademarks and trade secrets among others) limit the full potential for open innovation.Technology Transfer Valorization also closely associates with another term called Technology Transfer (TT).Technology Transfer aims to transfer technology from one organization to another organization.TT is seen as an activity of the migration of early discoveries in any setting (e.g.private sector, academia) to useful application in the development of marketable products or processes (adapted from [25]).Again this is on the business side of translational research and overlaps with the concept of valorization but generally has defined methods.Various TT methodologies are well known and actively utilized by the commercial sector to move ideas from the lab onto the market.For an example see figure 1 [26].Furthermore, TT offices exclusively also exist both in academics as well as private sector just to help in commercializing an idea or patent or technology.Other resources include investors as well as development of business models.Staff activities can involve coming up with a concept which addresses a market need and subsequently developing that concept.The concept of TT is well established and proven [27].Stakeholders expect that the product developed through the TT pipeline is eventually rolled into the The Public Health Genomics Enterprise The Public Health Genomics (PHG) Enterprise (see figure 6 below) is a composite 'for effective translation of genome-based knowledge and technologies into improved population health' [51].The consensus was developed by an international expert workshop held in Bellagio, Italy in 2005, with 18 experts from US, Canada, Germany, UK and France.Although not part of the assessment process by policy makers, it nonetheless contains important components and overlaps with tools previously mentioned.The PHG Enterprise's knowledge integration is considered pivotal [51].It can be defined as 'the process of selecting, storing, collating, analyzing, integrating and disseminating genome-based information both within and across disciplines for the benefit of population health'.This can also constitute methodological progression as well [51].Further information can be seen from figure 6 below.F i g u r e 7 : The Public Health Wheel which divides 10 essential tasks of public health over the domains of assessment, policy development and assurance with research at its core.The idea is that by addressing these 10 essential tasks, integration of genomics into public health can be possible.Taken from [52].

Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.