Sport and recreation potential analysis of natural parks.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
IntroductionTurkey has an elevation and geographical structure above the average of the world. Turkey with different geological formations is a unique and magnificent nature park with its lakes, rivers and mountains surrounded on three sides by seas. Thus, the number of National Parks and similar natural reserve areas is increasing day by day. Use of natural resources with the purpose of recreational activities has gathered pace in conjunction with increasing rate of urbanization, technological advances and decreasing urban environmental factors. Negative and unfavorable conditions of urban spaces caused people to gravitate to country and outlying outdoor sports and recreation activities. Thus, natural areas have provided basis for many alternative activities with regard to outdoor sports and recreation activities. The most important factor that reveals the value of especially mountains, rocky terrain and forests etc. in regard them to be used for the purpose of outdoor sports and recreation activities of natural resources, constitutes the natural landscape values of these areas depending on the number of options that this place offers to its users.The necessity of biological factors creating and forming the richness of forests, meadows, lawns, agricultural landscape, wild life, flora and fauna with geomorphological factors such as alpine/sub-alpine zones, glacier lakes, streams, rivers, waterfalls, hills, plateaus, highlands, valleys, slopes, canyons, rocky terrains, caves, straits, lakes, different exposures, slopes and gradients, elevations and ruggedness reveal the landscape values of these kinds of areas. These kinds of areas allows and enables many outdoor recreation activities including climbing, hiking, skiing and paragliding etc (Aslan et al,2002).UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme (MaB) has been launched in 1970 and put 14 projects into effect. The project no.8 serves the purpose of conservation of natural areas by establishing a worldwide network of biosphere reserve areas. The main purpose of the programme is the conservation and maintaining the diversity of biotic plant and animal communities in natural ecosystems for present and future use (Demir,2001). One of the areas that participants of recreation activities mostly benefit of is parks. National parks have a different significant importance among all concepts of parks.National parks are defined and described as nature tracts including conservation, recreation and tourism areas with natural and cultural resource values which can be rarely found in terms of national and international values in scientific and aesthetical terms. There are 41 National parks and 193 nature parks in Turkey according to the recent data of the Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks of the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs.The founding of Yellowstone National Park (USA) in 1872 began a worldwide national park movement and Australia in 1879, Canada in 1885 and New Zealand in 1894 followed this country in quick succession. National parks have been founded in Argentina, Sweden and Switzerland until 1914. The first national park was found in Australia in 1879 by the declaration of the state which announces that state territory close to Sidney has been made national park and the name of this area was changed to the Royal National Park in 1955. The beginning of establishment of national parks in Canada dates back to 1885s. Establishment of a small natural reserve area in the Rocky Mountains and conversion of this area into BanffNational Park are the facts of Canada's National Park adventure. Through the early years, nature parks of Canada adopted using their areas as wild life conservation reserves as well as using them with leisure purposes such as hotels, tennis courts, golf, bowling and skiing center. Wood Buffalo National Park located in Alberta City of Canada, is the world's largest national park with its surface area of 45,000 square kilometers. …
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».