Communication furing co-attendance time in common murre (Uria aalge) pairs during chick rearing
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The pair co-attendance (time spent together at the nest) of common murres (Uria aalge) has been viewed as a component of pair bonding and breeding site maintenance. Alternatively, since a high proportion of co-attendance is spent in the process of role switching, behaviours exhibited at the nest may also reflect within-pair conflict. In 2009, I examined variations in patterns relating to role-switching (nest interaction sequences) of 17 pairs breeding on Gull Island in Witless Bay, Newfoundland to understand how these variations may reflect intra-pair conflict. Second, I examined two specific behaviours (allopreening and bill-fencing) to investigate how these are related to nest interaction sequence variations and individual quality, as inferred by body condition and corticosterone levels. I also investigated the use of two different recording devices (camcorder and hand-held computer with behavioural research software) to collect field observations. Normally, the returning bird provisions the chick and exchanges brooding duties with its partner which then departs. Sometimes a returning bird has no fish, or, if it does, the mate continues to brood and the returning bird leaves again. The variations from regular nest interaction sequences are considered to be forms of negotiation, in which individuals of the pair negotiate which partner is required to do the energetically costly activity of foraging and which will do the less costly activity of brooding. -- Murres allopreened their partners at a higher rate when they returned without a fish to feed the chick compared to partners returning with a fish. Brooding partners that exchanged brooding duties less frequently allopreened at lower rates. These changes in allopreening rates were associated with extended nest relief times and longer times were associated with higher corticosterone levels. Breeders with better body condition had lower proportions of regular nest interaction sequences. Pair bill-fencing was more prevalent with young chicks (1 to 10 days post-hatch). Finally, in 2009, there were fewer sequences in which the returning bird came without a fish compared to previous years on nearby Great Island when capelin (Mallotus villosus) abundance was thought to be higher. In addition, comparison of two different recording devices indicated that extracting data from video recordings made with a camcorder was more accurate than data taken from live observations made using a hand-held computer. Results support the theory that co-attendance may not only be for pair bond maintenance and loafing, but may also be for negotiating brooding duties (the less energetically-costly parental behaviour). Intensive behavioural studies may help to better understand how each individual within a pair communicates their condition and negotiate self-interest in conflicts.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».