The problems of qualification of a newborn child murder by his mother
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract: The article is devoted to the controversial issue of qualification of mother’s actions as a special subject committing a newborn child murder and the ways of the decision of this problem Key words: criminal-law protection of human life, problems of qualification of a Newborn Child Murder by his Mother.The safety of personality is the priority direction of criminal and legal policy in Russia. At the same time, the criminal legislation putting life and health of the citi -zens in the forefront establishes unreasonably soft pun-ishment for a newborn child murder by his mother that doesn’t correspond to modern conditions of the Russian reality at all.The separate crime structure providing liability for a newborn child murder by his mother for the first time was allocated in the Criminal Code of the Russian Fed-eration of 1996. Till the specified moment this act was considered as a simple or a qualified murder.The regulation of the liability for infanticide has an ambiguous character abroad. So criminal legislation of England, Canada, Austria, Lithuania [1], Poland, Ukraine [2], Switzerland, Australia [3, 55–56] refers newborn child murder by his mother to the crimes with exclusive structure. A number of countries which had historical experience of application of the specified norm (Germany, a number of states in the USA, Spain, China [4], Japan [5], France) have refused it now and referred the specified act to a simple type of murder [6, 16]. It seems that thereby the criminal legislator of the called countries has pursued the aim to equal the value of hu-man life and of the one of a newborn child.Let’s consider debatable questions of qualification of mother’s actions as the special subject committing a newborn child murder.One of the controversial questions in the theory of criminal law is the subject structure of infanticide. The liability according to Art. 106 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation comes from 16- year age. Crimi -nological researches in their turn testify to a tendency of rejuvenation of crime of minors. According to this, a question of criminal liability of the women who haven’t reached 16- year age appeares in practice. Thus, the posi -tion of the legislator who puts the newborn’s value of life below the adult’s one establishing liability for sim-ple murder from 14-year age is unclear. There are vari-ous points of view concerning a being of the matter in the theory of criminal law. According to S. M. Milyukov the legislator handicapped 14–15year-old murderers’ -situation extremely in comparison with more senior but full age people (In Russia young people who have reached the age of 18 are considered full age people) by such decision. Milyukov comes to such a conclusion because he considers it necessary to bring the minors who haven’t reached the age of 16 years to trial under the article providing liability for a simple murder (Art. 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) [7, 111–112]. E.B. Kurguzkina is of the similar opin-ion considering that the person who hasn’t reached the age of 16 bears liability according to the general norm [6, 189]. S.V.Tasakov, A. N.Krasikov, L. I.Murzina adhere to the opposite point of view. The specified group of authors considers that the mother who hasn’t reached the age of 16 isn’t the subject of criminal li-ability. ThusL.I. Murzina motivates her point of view with the idea that the criminal prosecution of people who haven’t reached the age of 16 is unfair because only a mature person possessing at least the minimum life experience can make a correct decision. Besides, cases of childbirth occur extremely seldom at this age as for girls are under control by various institutions of social -ization (a family, a school) [7, 111–112]. L. I. Murzina’s point of view doesn’t seem to be reasonable as first the concept of a mature person has an estimated character and secondly statistical data testify to decrease the age of criminal liability also according to Art. 106 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
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| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
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