Trace metals in urban stormwater runoff and their management
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD), non-point source pollution from an urban watershed and a diesel bus loop was assessed in terms of trace metal contamination in the stormwater runoff. In the Brunette River watershed study, Northwest Hydraulic Consultants (NHC) collected streambed sediment and suspended sediment from selected streams during 7 storm events over 2003. From 1993 to 2003, the major stormwater contamination happened in the most industrialized Still Creek. The streambed Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn concentration increased by 1.5, 1.7, 1.9, and 1.1 times, respectively. And the suspended Cu, Mn, and Zn increased by a factor of 2.1, 4.2, and 1.5, respectively. The streambed sediment exceeded probable effect level in Still Creek and Stoney Creek to varying degrees with Cu and Zn. The land use is considered to be the origins of these toxicants. Statistically, the magnitude of suspended metal concentration in μg/l is negatively correlated with the drainage areas. While the — concentrations in mg/kg, especially for metal Cu and Zn, showed strongly and positively correlation with the traffic density. Positive correlation existed between the suspended metal loading (kg/yr) and the imperviousness and the catchment area. No apparent trend was observed in terms of export coefficient (g/ha/yr) and land use. 1062 tons of sediments were trapped by Burnaby Lake in 2003. This sediment overloading problem causes serious metal contamination in the lake. Stormwater runoff quality was monitored in 15 storm events from October 2004 to June 2005 in the diesel bus loop in the University of British Columbia. The dissolved Cu and Zn Event Mean Concentration (EMC) exceeded the EPA discharge criteria in 2 and 4 events each, which occurred in the dry season. Diesel bus traffic contributes' a large portion of Cu, Fe, Zn contamination since the average bus loop trace metal levels were much higher than the GVRD urban levels. The runoff trace metal concentrations are strongly related to the antecedent dry period, and are weakly related to the traffic density and the rainfall intensity. From the catch basin filter evaluation, high removal efficiencies on suspended metal/solids were achieved with low particulate loading in the filter chamber. The filter performed well for the dissolved metal removal before the non-reversible saturation was reached. Each kilogram of filter media has an absorption capacity of 52 gram oil and grease, 20 milligram Mn, and 16 milligram Zn.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle