Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Dear Editor: About the time that Dr Seeman's paper was being reviewed, we published a similar review called First Do No Harm: The Role of Psychiatry in Nazi Germany (1). We would like to contribute to the discussion about the extent to which basic principles that supported the disciplinary matrix in the Nazi era influence our current activity. We would also like to discuss the tools we can use to reduce the risk of getting caught in the continuum of abuse suggested by Kleinman (2). We believe that continuous education focusing on ethical aspects of our actions can help us in this task. The goals of social sciences and epistemology are essential tools to reach a comprehensive understanding of our job. Dudley and Gale say that attitudes of psychiatrists toward patients sometimes resemble the stereotypical attitudes of societies toward marginal groups (3). Within this framework, nonstigmatization only makes sense within an ambitious program that takes into account the disparities within our discipline. It is worth analyzing the situation of minorities within society, as well as their exclusion. Biological psychiatry neutralizes these aspects by disregarding diversities and minimizing the influence of the social component in our work (4). Not following certain scientific trends supported by prestigious knowledge makes psychiatrists feel left out of the evolution of their specialty. In other words, academic groups or scientists connected to such trends as psychopharmacology are more varied and powerful and have a greater number of followers than those connected to such marginal trends as history, anthropology, or epistemology. Within this framework, it is essential to examine how programs for the congresses of our associations are prepared. In her paper, Dr Seeman wonders how future historians will portray us and whether someone will be able to ensure today's science will not turn into myth in few a years (5). We agree with her that this is crucial. We should not forget that experiments and programs carried out by Nazis were not prepared by insane people but by major figures of German psychiatry (3,6). With regard to the connection between the discipline and the political and economic context that Seeman so aptly questions, we believe that this increases when psychiatrists take on the role of managers. Reflection becomes essential to prevent the disregard of ethical and professional imperatives by institutional policies in which patients' needs are not the focus. Often, what is advantageous for society is not in the best interest of individual patients. With these issues in mind, we believe that the ideal of a scientifically objective clinician must be reworked. Objectivity in psychiatry must be grounded in a clear definition of which value judgments are to be used in scientific processes and which should be used to ensure that all decisions we make are ethical. The task is difficult and it will take a long time, but personal reflection and self-criticism are the first steps toward scientific objectivity (7). With these concerns, and to learn about our particular context, we recently conducted fieldwork on the ethical aspects of psychiatric practice in Argentina, recently published in Vertex (8). References 1. Pieczanski P, Blanco MF, Ragusa A, Matusevich D, Finkelsztein C. Primero no danar: el rol de la psiquiatria durante la Alemania Nazi. An. Psiquiatria 2004;20(1):36-40. 2. Kleinman A. Rethinking psychiatry: from cultural category to personal experience, 1st ed. New York (NY): The Free Press; 1988. p 77-107. 3. Dudley M, Gale F. Psychiatrists as a moral community? Psychiatry under the Nazis and its contemporary relevance. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,007 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».