MRI reveals increased superior vena caval blood flow in human fetuses with congenital heart disease, abnormal placental pathology and neonatal brain white matter changes
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Delayed brain development in newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD) results in increased vulnerability to white matter injury before and after cardiac surgery [ 1 ]. Doppler showing reductions in pulsatility index (PI) in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) of fetuses with CHD is interpreted as evidence of "brain sparing physiology". It supports the hypothesis that in utero brain dysmaturation in CHD is due to reduced cerebral oxygen delivery [ 2 ]. We were interested in the relationship between cerebral blood flow, placental pathology and white matter changes in CHD fetuses using ultrasound and MRI. Late gestation CHD fetuses and normal controls were studied using Doppler and a 1.5T MRI system (Siemens Avanto). We measured the MCA PI with ultrasound, superior vena cava (SVC) flow and fetal brain weight (EBW) with MRI using our previously published technique [ 3 ]. Placental histology was studied. Head ultrasound (HUS) performed after delivery was used to classify the newborn brains as: normal, increased white matter echogenicity (WME), or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). The fetal parameters were compared in babies with and without brain abnormalities using an unpaired Student t -test with p<0.05 taken as statistically significant. Odds ratios for abnormal brain imaging, placental abnormalities and SVC flow were calculated. Forty four fetuses with CHD [mean gestational age (GA): 36weeks, SD 1.4 weeks] and forty normal fetuses (mean GA: 37 weeks, SD 1.3 weeks) were studied. There was no difference in MCA PI between normal and CHD fetuses with or without white matter changes at birth (Fig. 1a , Table 1 ). 34% of neonates with CHD had increased WME on HUS and 7% had PVL. Fetuses with changes on brain imaging at birth had higher SVC flow than normals (p=0.03) (Fig. 1b ) and smaller brains than those with normal HUS (p = 0.05) (Fig. 1c ). Elevated SVC flow was associated with a markedly increased risk of PVL (OR: 41, p = 0.005). CHD fetuses with WME had high incidence of histologically abnormal placenta (OR: 6.1, p = 0.04) (Fig. 1d ). Comparison of brain ultrasound findings with fetal hemodynamic parameters and placental pathology. (a) There was no difference in middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA PI) between normal and congenital heart disease (CHD) fetuses with or without white matter changes at birth. (b) CHD fetuses with abnormal brains at birth had higher superior vena cava (SVC) flow than normals (p=0.03) and (c) smaller brains than those with normal head ultrasound (p = 0.02). (d) The histological examination of the placenta of a fetus with aortic coarctation and white matter changes consistent with periventricular leukomalacia showed marked chorangiosis and thrombotic vasculitis. In keeping with previous studies, we found smaller brains and a high incidence of WME and PVL in newborns with CHD. Abnormally high SVC flow, in keeping with "brain-sparing physiology" appears to be highly associated with PVL, suggesting that the combination of CHD and placental disease may be dangerous for the immature white matter in CHD newborns. Abnormal SVC flow by fetal cardiac MRI may be a more useful indicator of increased risk for white matter injury than MCA PI during late gestation, and could indicate early delivery by Cesarean section.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».