Fifty years of entomological research in orchard and vegetable crops in British Columbia
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Columbia has seen tremendous advances and accomplishments in the broad field of entomology over the past fifty years.This is especially true in relation to the orchard and vegetable industries, where entomologists have played essential and often pivotal roles in the production, protection and sustainability of these crops.I have attempted to list as many of the entomologists (and their affiliations) working in orchards and field vegetables as I have been able to retrieve from memory and various archival sources.Unfortunately, to adequately summarize the specific endeavors of the many scientists involved would take more space than allotted for this article.For more in-depth information on the entomologists of BC and their various research specialties, the reader is referred to the joint Entomological Society of BC and Entomological Society of Canada publication 'Entomologists of British Columbia' compiled by P.W. Riegert in 1991.For this paper, I have chosen in part to present a number of the more highly publicized research programs and the entomologists involved that have played pivotal roles in the direction and advancement of entomology in certain orchard or vegetable crops.Since this year marks the 100" anniversary of the Entomological Society of BC, and the 98" Volume of the Journal of the Entomological Society of BC (JESBC), it also seemed appropriate in part to link certain aspects of this article towards key papers published in the Journal since 1951. General TrendsReviewing the past fifty issues of the JESBC was a tremendously educational and nostalgic experience, not only from an entomological point of view, but also as a general interest and historical exercise.Who could resist reading, for example, 'An authenticated case of black widow bite', by Carl and Perry in 1959, or so many of the other key articles that in retrospect helped capture our interest and shape our profession in BC.When I had gathered and summarized all of the papers pertaining to entomology in orchards and vegetables since 1951, I was greatly impressed by the diversity and efficacy of our Society's entomologists, both past and present, and by the ebb and flow of various research themes over time.Volume 47 of the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, issued July 15, 1951, began with an ad by the Nichols Chemical Company congratulating the Entomological Society of British Columbia on its 50" anniversary.I found it interesting to note that there was a total of 8 pages of advertisements by various pesticide companies in that issue, most of which (Monsanto being a notable exception) are no longer in existence.One ad in Volume 49, 1953, had the ominous title 'Improved Controls for Entomologists', and on another page was a photo of two workers (possibly the entomologists referred to in the first ad) wearing no safety equipment, in short-sleeved shirts, applying pesticides in an apple orchard using hand-held sprayers (the chemicals advertized in that ad included DDT, parathion, and lead arsenate).Such photographs of course, are now used to illustrate how 'not' to apply pesticides, and these advertisements went the ultimate way of DDT following the 1954 issue.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,008 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,006 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,006 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».