Studying the physiology of declining Diporeia populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes using metabolomics
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The holarctic amphipod Diporeia spp. used to be the most abundant benthic macroinvertebrate in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Diporeia serve as an important link between benthic and pelagic organisms within the Great Lakes by assimilating carbon from the benthic zone making it available to pelagic food webs. Due to their high lipid content, Diporeia are an ideal prey item for a number of fish species including lake whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis ) and slimy sculpin ( Cottus cognatus ). Since the 1990's, Diporeia have been extirpated from much of their former habitats. Their decline has coincided with the introduction and establishment of dreissenid mussels in the Great Lakes region. It has been hypothesized that Diporeia population declines are a result of decreased food availability from increasing competition with dreissenids for diatoms. There is additional evidence of remote effects of mussel pseudo-feces excreted by dreissenid colonies inducing toxic responses in Diporeia. In addition, persistent organic pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), present in Great Lakes sediments, are known to elicit negative effects on Diporeia . However, stable Diporeia populations still persist in oligotrophic Lake Superior and co-exist with dreissenid colonies in Cayuga Lake. Our research has focused on elucidating the cause(s) of Diporeia decline using metabolomics as an exploratory tool. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments exposing Diporeia to multiple environmental factors (i.e., starvation, diatom diet, presence of quagga colonies, and exposure to PCBs). The physiological response elicited by each stressor was measured by evaluating changes in the metabolite expression pattern of Diporeia. Two separate instrumental platforms, two dimensional gas chromatography- and liquid chromatography both coupled with mass spectrometry, were utilized to study polar and non-polar metabolites, respectively. Starvation resulted in decreased phospholipid abundance and enhanced protein metabolism. Lipid biosynthesis and production of essential amino acids were enhanced in diatom fed Diporeia. Our results have also shown that quagga exposure causes an elevated stress response in Diporeia especially for Lake Michigan organisms, suggesting lake-specific adaptive mechanisms for Diporeia in the Great Lakes. PCB exposure resulted in elevated cysteine and phospholipid metabolism and activation of AhR mediated pathways. Using multivariate analysis, these results were then compared to metabolite profiles from Diporeia (n = 148) collected from different lakes (Cayuga, Huron, Michigan, Ontario and Superior), years (2008–2009) seasons (fall and spring), and population histories (“stable” and “declining”). Amino acid (histidine and tryptophan) and lipid (sphingolipid and phospholipid) metabolism was primarily affected in declining populations. Overall, phospholipid metabolism was primarily impacted in both laboratory and field studies. Based on the analyses of field and experimental samples, it also appears that the presence of dreissenids elicits varied physiological response in Diporeia populations across lakes and availability of food also plays an important role controlling such changes in declining Diporeia population. The next step should involve the development of a cumulative health index based on a selected number of metabolites to be used for assessment of overall health status of Diporeia across Great Lakes.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».