Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Somalia has suffered from a long lasting conflict which has driven millions of Somalis out of the country producing a widely dispersed Somali diaspora. The aim of this research is to gather all the accessible evidence of the ways Somalis emigrate Somalia and the neighboring regions, and also of the used migration routes illustrating the current level of knowledge. Research explains what are the routes and ways of migration that Somalis use to leave the country and to where Somali diaspora has \nspread out and also what kind of influence social network has on choosing the destinations of Somalis.\n\nResearch method is qualitative meta-synthesis which aims to produce broad understanding of the phenomena under study, broader than the single empirical studies together or separately have offered. Research data consists of 158 different references. Narrative method was used for the synthesis, which means choosing and organizing the research evidence in order to produce a description of the phenomenon. Synthesis summary is more descriptive than interpretative due to the aims of the research. Research also examines the destination choices of Somalis by using network migration theory. According to the theory social network influences individual's migration decision and it reduces risks and costs involved in migration and facilitates migrant's integration in a new country.\n\nSomalis' ways of emigration is strongly dominated by fleeing in great numbers to the neighboring countries, and irregular migration mainly to other parts of Africa, Middle East and Europe. The main result of this research are the maps produced during the research process that illustrate the ways and routes Somalis mainly use to leave the country and the neighboring regions towards different aspired destination countries and regions around the world. There are three most used routes. One of them goes from Somalia through Ethiopia and Sudan towards the Mediterranean coast, mainly to Libya, where boats leave for Southern Europe. Second route goes straight from Somalia, or through Djibouti, towards Yemen across the Red Sea or the Gulf of Aden. From Yemen many travel onward to other Middle Eastern countries or even to Europe. Third route goes from Somalia towards South Africa mainly on land and by sea.\n\nSomali diaspora that has developed as a result of these migrations has concentrated in the Horn of Africa and Yemen; countries in the Gulf of Persia and in the Western Europe; and North America. Somalis live mainly as refugees in the neigboring countries and regions, especially in Kenya, Ethiopia and Yemen. In the Western countries the biggest diasporas are located in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Sweden, Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Italy. Somali diaspora is still on the move and started to grow in new destinations. The existence of the social networks in the destination countries is a significant factor when Somalis choose their destination countries. Networks offer information about the migration in addition to financial and mental support. Tightening immigration controls in the destination countries has increased the need of the support of the networks.\n\nThe routes Somalis travel most often indicate their feasibility and functionality to reach the aspired destination. Routes, as well as the destination countries tend to change constantly as a response to tightening immigration and border controls. Despite the latest improvements in Somalia's situation emigration from Somalia still continues. In the future more and more Somalis need to rely on human smugglers in order to leave Somalia and neighboring regions to migrate to pursued destination. Increase in smuggling activities can bring along unwanted side effects such as human rights violations and human trafficking of migrants.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,007 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,008 | 0,007 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».