Night-time accidents: a scoping study. Report to The AA Motoring Trust and Rees Jeffreys Road Fund
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Context: \nOnly a quarter of all travel by car drivers is undertaken between the hours of \n19.00 and 08.00, but it is in this period that 40 percent of fatal and serious \ninjuries are sustained by drivers. This indicates that car travel at night carries a \ngreater risk of being killed or seriously injured than does travel during the day. \nThe literature indicates that disproportionate numbers of young drivers, \nespecially young men, are injured at night. But to be able to introduce \nmeasures targeted at this group more needs to be known about the purpose of \ntheir journeys, the types of roads they travel on, and how far they drive and at \nwhat times in the evening and at night. \nOlder drivers tend to have fewer accidents at night, but little is currently known \nabout how much can be accounted for by exposure related to their driving \npatterns. People over the age of 60 years form about 20 percent of the \npopulation, yet they make up over a quarter of traffic fatalities. \nThese two groups of young and older drivers have been selected for study with \nthe following aims: \n(a) to assess what information exists which relates to night-time exposure by \nactivity and by group (young and older); \n(b) to assess what is known about exposure and risk to young and older drivers \nat night, in conjunction with an analysis of relevant accident data to provide a \npicture of the size of the potential problem areas, and gaps in current \nknowledge; \n(c) to identify people’s concerns, attitudes and beliefs with regard to the \nproblems of night-time driving; and \n(d) to provide the basis for decision on what measures might be brought to bear \non the problem, and what further research would be needed in order to point to \nfocused action. \nThis scoping study is in two parts and provides an assessment of the \ninformation available and hence the gaps in our knowledge on the nature and \nextent of night-time driving, and the risks involved at these times. The first \npart assesses the available data, and the second uses focus groups to gather the \nviews of drivers themselves, together with their concerns, attitudes and beliefs \nwith regard to the problems of night-time driving. \nThe measurement of exposure, or amount of travel by car, of drivers of \ndifferent age and gender is central to the assessment of the risk of being killed \nor injured in a road traffic accident. In this study, the measure of exposure used \nis distance travelled per person per year. This has been combined with casualty \n data to make preliminary assessments of risk to people of different ages and \ngender of driving at during the daytime and at night.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,010 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,012 | 0,015 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,012 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».