Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The paper examines different and competing understandings of human and stresses the task of reconciling these differences as an important challenge for the advocates of this emerging global norm. It argues that human is a distinctive notion with strong regional roots for Asian governments, which could provide the foundation for promoting collective human agenda. While the paper focuses on the perceived tensions between its two salient aspects: from fear (more favored in the West) and from (more favored in Asia), it also points out the scholastic challenge in identifying a common conceptual ground. Freedom from fear is depicted as the Canadian formulation, which views human as of the people, centering on the human costs of violent conflict whereas from want, a different understanding of human developed by Japan, views human as a way of further protecting the and rights of each person to ensure the survival and dignity of individuals as human beings in conflict situations. The author notes on several obstacles to the promotion of human in the Asian Pacific region. On the misgiving that human is a Western political agenda, the author stresses that debates about human do not fall within an East-West fault-line, and that there are also significant differences over its meaning within each camp. It refutes the view that human is a Western concept, and identifies the Asian contributions to the development of the idea in both its respects. At the same time, the paper argues that human is not simply new wine in old bottle. It represents a significant broadening of the notion of comprehensive which privileged regime security. It also departs from the idea of cooperative security which did not address the possible tension between individual and state security. In discussing the third barrier to human in its political (freedom from fear) aspects, the paper examines the difficulties in linking human with humanitarian intervention, whether hard or soft, given concerns about state sovereignty. The pursuit of human security, through regional collective action would undermine state sovereignty and the doctrine of non-interference, which remains the guiding principle of international relations in the Asia-Pacific region. The paper concludes by highlighting the futility of pursuing human as freedom from want in the absence of freedom from fear, and pleads for scholars and policy-makers to view the two understandings of human as being complimentary and mutually-reinforcing. Promoting human through a need-based approach does not negate the case for pursuing human as freedom from fear, and a way of reducing the costs of violent conflict, especially in regions such as the Asia Pacific where the danger of conflict, both internal and inter-state, remains very, very real.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,004 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,065 | 0,034 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».