Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Wave data for the Pacific Northwest of the United States have been derived from four measurement systems and from wave-hindcast techniques. Direct measurements have come from deep-water buoys of the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) of NOAA and from shallow-water directional arrays and deep-water buoys installed by the Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP) of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The longest series of wave measurements for the Northwest coast has been obtained with a microseismometer system, a technique based on the measurement of microseisms produced by ocean waves. According to theoretical analyses, the microseisms are generated by the pressure field associated with standing waves produced by wave reflection from the coastline. This theory is substantiated by the data collected on the Oregon coast in confirming the expected correlations between the amplitudes and periods of the microseisms and the corresponding ocean-wave parameters. In addition to these direct measurements, wave data also are available from the Wave Information Study (WIS) of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, derived from hindcasts based on daily weather charts spanning the years 1956 to 1975. There are some systematic differences between the data sets. The deep-water NOBC buoy tends to yield higher significant wave heights than do the two CDIP buoys; a statistical regression of daily measurements indicates that heights reported by the NOBC buoy are 8% higher. The microseismometer system yields significant wave heights that are in good agreement with the buoy data, but measurements of wave periods are poor. The WIS hindcast data systematically overestimate wave heights, being some 30 to 60 percent larger than measured by the microseismometer and deep-water buoys. The wave data for the Northwest coast establish that during summer months, deep-water significant wave heights range 1.25 to 1.75 meters, increasing on average to 2.0 to 3.0 meters during the winter. Wave periods are on the order of 5 to 10 seconds in the summer when generation is more local, increasing to 10 to 20 seconds during the winter when storm systems are further from the coast and are larger. Major winter storms typically generate waves with deep-water significant heights from 6 to greater than 7 meters, with the calculated equivalent wave-breaker conditions on Northwest beaches reaching heights of 9 to 10 meters. The series of data sets account for the wave conditions on the Northwest coast, data which can be used to establish the extreme-wave parameters. Due to the systematic differences between the directly measured waves and hindcasts by WIS, these data sets had to be analyzed separately. Combining the CDIP deep-water buoy measurements and the microseismometer data, 24 storms with deep-water wave heights in excess of 6 meters were identified within the 23-year total record, with the largest recorded significant wave height having been 7.3 meters. Based on those storm-wave occurrences, extreme-wave analyses yielded a significant wave height of 7.8 meters for the 50-year storm, a statistically reliable estimate, and a less reliable value of 8.2 meters for the 100-year storm.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 1,000 | 0,999 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».