The Effect of Repeated Freeze-thaw Cycles on the Biomechanical Properties of Canine Cortical Bone
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Summary As orthopaedic investigations have become more intricate, bone specimens have sometimes undergone multiple freeze-thaw cycles prior to biomechanical testing. The purpose of this study was to determine if repeated freezing and thawing affected the mechanical properties of canine cortical bone. Six pairs of third-metacarpal bones were tested in three-point bending and six pairs of femurs were tested in torsion. At the time of collection, one member of each pair was tested destructively. The other member was tested nondestructively at the time of collection and after each of five freeze-thaw cycles, followed by destructive testing after the fifth cycle. For destructive tests, the material properties (modulus, maximum stress, maximum strain and absorbed energy) of a specimen at the time of collection were compared to those of the corresponding contralateral specimen that had undergone five freeze-thaw cycles. For repeated nondestructive tests, the modulus of a specimen at the time of collection was compared to modulus of the same specimen at each of the five thaw intervals. During destructive testing, there was a significant (p = 0.02) decrease (20%) in maximum torsional strain. Other changes in bending and torsional destructive properties were not statistically significant. During repeated nondestructive testing, there were solitary significant (p < 0.05) increases (8% and 9%, respectively) in both bending and torsional modulus. However, these isolated changes were not correlated to the number of freeze-thaw cycles. The pattern of alterations in destructive and non-destructive biomechanical properties was most consistent with varying specimen dehydration at each thaw interval. Despite using accepted methods to maintain specimen hydration, repeated freezing, thawing, handling and testing of cortical bone increased the risk of moisture loss. Unless stringent efforts are made to ensure proper hydration, the mechanical properties of canine cortical bone will be altered by repeated freezing and thawing, affecting the results of studies utilizing this technique. The effect of five freeze-thaw cycles on paired canine cortical bone specimens was evaluated using destructive and repeated non-destructive three-point bending and torsion tests. A significant decrease in destructive torsional strain and isolated significant increases in nondestructive bending and torsional modulus were most consistent with varying specimen dehydration at each thaw interval.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».