Finite ramification for preimage fields of post-critically finite morphisms

Given a finite endomorphism $φ$ of a variety $X$ defined over the field of fractions $K$ of a Dedekind domain, we study the extension $K(φ^{-\infty}(α)) : = \bigcup_{n \geq 1} K(φ^{-n}(α))$ generated by the preimages of $α$ under all iterates of $φ$. In particular when $φ$ is post-critically finite, i.e., there exists a non-empty, Zariski-open $W \subseteq X$ such that $φ^{-1}(W) \subseteq W$ and $φ: W \to X$ is étale, we prove that $K(φ^{-\infty}(α))$ is ramified over only finitely many primes of $K$. This provides a large supply of infinite extensions with restricted ramification, and generalizes results of Aitken-Hajir-Maire in the case $X = \mathbb{A}^1$ and Cullinan-Hajir, Jones-Manes in the case $X = \mathbb{P}^1$. Moreover, we conjecture that this finite ramification condition characterizes post-critically finite morphisms, and we give an entirely new result showing this for $X = \mathbb{P}^1$. The proof relies on Faltings' theorem and a local argument.

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