Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Writing this "editorial" has been delayed for 2 months of introspection, during which I attempted to analyze why the term "pioneer" might be applied to me.What follows is more a story of intoxicating personal fulfillment than that of planned scientific exploration.When Belding H. Scribner, in 1960, demonstrated that lost kidney function could be repeatedly replaced by Willem J. Kolff's life-sustaining artificial kidney, the disciplines of Nephrology and Artificial Organs were born.While it would make a better tale to recount how after thoughtful study, I sought nephrology training at the institution that established America's first acute renal failure hemodialysis unit and gained Nobel Prize recognition for successful kidney transplants in identical twins, my arrival after graduation from the State University of New York's Downstate Medical Center in 1957 at Boston's Peter Bent Brigham Hospital resulted from my medical chief's (General Perrin H. Long) telephone call to Brigham Medicine Chief George W. Thorn suggesting consideration of his aggressive student who might benefit from Brigham seasoning.Lacking knowledge of dialysis, transplants, or the concept of training at a Harvard institution, it had been my intent to pursue residency training as an internist at a local hospital.My first Brigham internship rotation was through its brand new artificial kidney service-a unique medicine training component then or now.After 2 weeks of daily duty, I was "hooked" by the combination of science fiction, futuristic medicine, and mystery.John P. Merrill, who returned from World War 2 duty as an Air Force Flight Surgeon to the Enola Gay-the Hiroshima B29 Bomber-directed what was termed the Cardiorenal Service and became my mentor.During my internship, Merrill filed my American Heart Association fellowship application, outlining testing of animal and human leukocyte antigenicity about which I knew less than nothing.Although I botched the fellowship interview, revealing my absolute ignorance of immunology, the fix was in and I got the award.To my surprise, the Brigham moved me from internship to fellowship without an intervening residency.Thereafter, it was a downhill roller coaster ride careening from transplants after total body radiation, thoracic duct leukocyte depletion, and application of chemotherapy to immunosuppression to blunt transplant rejection.I conversed daily with Joseph E. Murray (Nobel 1960) and was able to question Robert Schwartz about his use of 6-mercaptopurine to curb antibody synthesis in rabbits given bovine serum albumin while learning from Roy Y. Calne how BW 57-322 (azathioprine) permitted dogs to maintain renal allografts.During my first year of fellowship, Merrill's lab was visited by future Nobelists Medawar, Burnet, and Dausset, as well as multiple extraordinary founders of nephrology including Hamburger, Brun, Kincaid-Smith, Alwall, Relman, Richet, Schreiner, Seldin, Thurau, Kurokawa, and Barsoum.Without exaggeration, the intoxicating atmosphere of being where a disease (uremia) was being conquered was so seductive that I devoted nearly my total existence to immersion in Merrill's forward progress.Indeed, I was totally consumed by what is now called nephrology and never had the time to think of doing anything else.My late wife Mildred "Barry" (who
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,013 | 0,066 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,010 | 0,011 |
| Communication savante | 0,015 | 0,015 |
| Science ouverte | 0,004 | 0,005 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,020 | 0,042 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,008 | 0,007 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».