1000 Km of Under Ice Seabed Survey with an AUV
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract In March and April 2010, an ISE Explorer Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), built for Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), was deployed to Canada's high Arctic. Its mission was to undertake under-ice bathymetric surveys in support of Canada's submission to establish the outer limits of its continental shelf under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). During this deployment several under-ice records were broken and several new technologies were demonstrated. NRCan's AUV is an ISE Explorer class vehicle, with several innovative additions to make it suitable for arctic survey work. Most notable are a 4000 m depth rated variable ballast system, a 1500 Hz long-range homing system, and under-ice charging and data transfer capabilities. A Short-Range Localization (SRL) system was also developed for close range positioning. The homing and SRL systems were developed by Canadian defense scientists and engineers at DRDC (Defence Research and Development Canada). The Explorer's range was extended to approximately 450 km by adding a hull section to accommodate extra batteries. The scientific payload onboard included a Seabird SBE49 Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) sensor, Knudsen singlebeam echosounder, and a Kongsberg Simrad EM2000 multibeam echosounder. In order to optimize battery endurance, the plan was to only turn on the EM2000 at strategic locations (i.e. potential sea mounts) along the mission path. The Main Camp near Borden Island (78°14’N, 112°39’W) was the launch site for the AUV. It was launched from an 8 m by 3 m ice hole, cut through 2 – 3 m thick ice. After several test dives, the first mission was a transit to a Remote Camp, 320 km to the northwest. The AUV autonomously homed into the Remote Camp and was secured with the help of a small remotely operated vehicle (ROV). Without being removed from the water, it was charged and survey data was downloaded, all through a 1.3 m by 2 m ice hole. Subsequently, a second survey mission was undertaken in a region known as the Sever Spur (~79°N, 115°W), which returned back to the Remote Camp. Finally, it embarked on a return transit mission to the Main Camp for recovery. The AUV spent 10 days under ice before being successfully recovered. In total, close to 1000 km of under-ice survey was accomplished between the 3 missions. The AUV reached depths of 3160 m and transited at an average speed of 1.5 m/s at an altitude of 130 m above the seabed. From operating entirely under ice, to surveying in such a challenging environment, to the distances and objectives, this is an historic milestone in AUV and polar science. ISE, DRDC and NRCan are now preparing for a 2011 deployment to collect additional arctic survey data.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».