DIETARY INTAKE IN RELATION TO METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ASSOCIATED RISKS IN CANADIAN ADULTS AND ADOLESCENTS
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), major public health concerns in Canada and worldwide, are the main outcomes of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). MetS is a clustering of five chronic disease risk factors, including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level), hypertension, and elevated fasting plasma glucose. Abdominal obesity and insulin resistance are the main factors contributing to development of MetS and thus CVD and diabetes. Further, dyslipidemia (specifically the total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio) is necessary to be monitored in people with these diseases or risk factors. The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) has direct health measurements that provide the opportunity to identify risk factors associated with chronic disease. Further, dietary intake has been assessed in CHMS, which can be utilized to evaluate the association with diseases and risk factors controlling for potential covariates. To examine the association between dietary intake with MetS and associated risks and diseases in Canadian adults and adolescents, data from CHMS cycle1, 2007-2009 (n=5604, aged 6-79 y) were used in which dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Frequency of food intake (times/day) and the distribution of individuals with and without disease or risk factors by socio-demographic characteristic was determined. Further, the association between dietary intake and each disease or risk factor was evaluated using logistic models. Data manipulation, cleaning, and creation of new variables were done using IBM SPSS statistics for windows, version 20. All statistical analyses were conducted by STATA/SE 11, StataCorp. As per Statistics Canada’s recommendation, data were weighted and bootstrapped using specific commands in STATA in order to be representative of the Canadian population. Physically active Canadians had significantly more milk and dairy product, fresh fruit and vegetable, and fruit and vegetable juice intake compared to inactive Canadians. Low-income households had significantly greater intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and lower amounts of fresh fruit and vegetables than high-income households. Individuals with the lowest level of education had greatest potato and lowest fruit and vegetable juice intake. The prevalence of abdominal obesity (12-79 y), elevated TC/HDL-C ratio (20-79 y), MetS (12-79 y), and diabetes (20-79 y) was 35.7%, 20.5%, 18.3%, and 7.5%, respectively. The overall estimated percent risk of CVD over 10 years in adults aged 30-74 y was 8.66%. Abdominal obesity had the greatest contribution (~90%) to development of MetS in each age group compared to other components of MetS. Also, abdominal obesity was a strong significant predictor for development of other risk factors and chronic diseases including elevated TC/HDL-C ratio, diabetes, and CVD (OR: 6.12, CI: 2.68-13.96; OR: 2.25, CI: 1.24-4.06, OR: 1.4, CI: 1.06-1.87, respectively). High consumption of diet soft drink was associated with increased risk of abdominal obesity, Mets, diabetes, and elevated TC/HDL-C ratio. High consumption of fruit and vegetables and cereal was associated with decreased risk of CVD over 10 years whereas potato intake increased the risk. Intake of nuts appeared to be associated with reduction in the risk of MetS among Canadians. Dietary fat intake of one to less than 5 times/week was associated with increased risk of abdominal obesity in individuals over 40 years of age compared to 12-19 y individuals. Further, “ever drinking” alcohol compared to “never drinking” alcohol was associated with decreased risk of diabetes and elevated TC/HDL-C ratio. Low level of education contributed to development of abdominal obesity. Thus, abdominally obese individuals with specifically elevated TC/HDL-C ratio are at risk of developing MetS, CVD, and diabetes. They need to be educated with specific focus on physical activity, and greater intake of fruit and vegetables, nuts, and lower intake of dietary fat, diet soft drinks, and potato. Additionally, considering the social determinants which might contribute to increase the risk of chronic diseases or risk factors such as income, housing, accessibility to facilities in neighborhoods, school programs, or community programs is essential.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».