First Report of Brown Rot in Wine Grapes Caused by <i>Monilinia fructicola</i> in Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
A survey was conducted in 2001 and 2002 to determine incidence of fruit pathogens in wine grapes (Vitis vinifera), an important crop in the southern interior of British Columbia (BC), Canada. Grape clusters were sampled every 2 weeks from June to October at eight vineyard sites located from Osoyoos in the south to Kelowna, approximately 100 km to the north. In the laboratory, the berry clusters were surface disinfested for 0.5 min in 70% ethanol, followed by 1 min in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, and rinsed twice in sterile distilled water. The berries were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 15 ml/liter of 85% lactic acid and incubated at 20°C for 1 week. During the 2002 survey, a fungus resembling Monilinia fructicola (G. Wint.) Honey was observed sporulating on immature 'Pinot noir' grapes from Kelowna that were sampled on 14 August. Later in the growing season, a similar fungus was detected on 'Riesling' grapes from Summerland sampled on 11 September. There was no evidence of brown rot near the vineyard in Kelowna, but diseased stonefruit were present near the vineyard in Summerland. Subsequent identification of the fungus from 'Riesling' as M. fructicola was based on morphological characters and DNA sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal rRNA genes. The sequenced isolate was deposited in the Canadian Collection of Fungus Cultures as DAOM 231119, and the ITS sequence was accessioned in GenBank as AY289185. Colony growth on PDA was rapid and in concentric rings with the colony margin complete, microconidia abundant, and macroconidia 12 to 13 μm long. Macroconidia germinated with a long germ tube before branching. These characteristics distinguished this fungus from M. laxa, a closely related species that is slow growing with lobed colony margins, produces few microconidia, and germ tubes that branch close to the conidium (1). The complete ITS sequence for DAOM 231119 was a 100% match to other sequences deposited for M. fructicola (Z73777, AF010500, and U21815). On the basis of comparisons of available data, ITS sequences for M. fructicola (three complete ITS, seven partial ITS) and M. laxa (8 complete ITS, 10 partial ITS) differed consistently at four nucleotide positions. The fungus identified as M. fructicola was tested for pathogenicity on mature surface-sterilized 'Pinot noir' and 'Riesling' grapes. Under humid conditions, buff-colored sporodochia bearing conidia developed over the surface of the infected berries. This indicates that M. fructicola can cause decay of wine grapes and could be confused with bunch rot caused by Botrytis cinerea. Previously, M. fructicola was reported on grapes in Oklahoma, but likely these grapes were not Vitis vinifera (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of brown rot caused by M. fructicola on wine grapes in North America. References: (1) L. R. Batra. World Species of Monilinia (Fungi): Their Ecology, Biosystematics and Control. Mycologia Memoir No. 16. Gerbrüder Borntraeger, Berlin/Stuttgart, 1991. (2) D. A. Preston. Host Index of Oklahoma Plant Diseases, Tech. Bull. No. 21. Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College, Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater, 1945.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».