Rehabilitation of the Deacon Reservoir Cell 1 and 2 Interconnector Pipes by Sliplining Methods under Full Reservoir Head
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Winnipeg, Manitoba, is a city in central Canada with a service area population of more than 700,000 people. Cell 1 and 2 of the Deacon Reservoir are critical components of the overall water supply system for the City providing seasonal balancing and emergency storage for the raw water supply system. Under normal operating conditions the two cells have 4.1 billion L of water in them or 47% of the total seasonal balancing and emergency storage in the system. Their maximum operating depth is 8.5 m. Cell No. 1 was constructed in 1972 and Cell No. 2 in 1978. The two cells are interconnected with 1829 mm (6 ft) high and 2,438 mm (8 ft) wide concrete box culverts that are predominately in 1.8 m long precast sections. The interconnector pipes have leaked extensively since their original construction. Considerable effort has been made to repair the original leaks including external soil grouting, channeling excess leakage to an adjacent underdrain system,0 an extensive program of installing hypalon diapers over the joints, and finally polyurethane injection of the joints. While many techniques were successful for a time, all had somewhat short effective design lives. Due to the high risk, cost, and logistical complexity of taking the reservoir cells out of service for rehabilitation work, a more robust long-term solution was desired, and the City wanted to employ mitigative alternatives that would have a considerably longer design life. Further, as emergency storage is a critical component of maintaining reliability of supply, the City desired a solution that could be implemented with the reservoirs in full service. After reviewing all established relining and rehabilitation technologies, the preferred option was to slipline the culverts with circular 1,600 mm DR 26 HDPE pipe. This is the largest solid wall HDPE pipe that can be extruded in North America. To complete the installation at full reservoir head required considerable innovation. The HDPE liner pipes were fused and tested on shore prior to being floated into position, sunk, and pulled into the culverts. To facilitate blocking the liner in place and the grouting of the large annulus in a controlled environment, a mechanical bulkhead utilizing pneumatic seals was designed and installed within the existing box culvert to facilitate dewatering each culvert without affecting the reservoir levels. While working under full reservoir head, concrete bulkheads were installed at each end of the lined section and the annulus between the existing box culvert and the HDPE liner was grouted with a very carefully designed and monitored controlled low strength, low density material (ACI 229-R2). The project was successfully completed in 2012/2013. The paper will provide an overview of the design and innovative construction process and the quality assurance procedures employed to confirm that the finished construction product met the design intent. Initial postinstallation monitoring results will also be presented.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,006 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».