Numerical Modelling of Cuttings Transport With Foam in Inclined Wells
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract In this study, a 1-D transient state mechanistic model of cuttings transport with foam in inclined wells has been developed. The model is solved numerically to predict the optimum foam flow rate (liquid and gas rate) and rheological properties that would maximize cuttings transport efficiency in inclined well. A detailed sensitivity analysis of the effect of gas and liquid flowing rates, drilling rate, foam rheological properties, borehole geometry, wellbore inclination and the rate of gas and liquid influx from the reservoir on the cutting transport efficiency in inclined wells was presented. Introduction The term underbalanced drilling (UBD) refers to a drilling operation in which the pressure of the drilling fluid is designed to be lower than the pressure of the formation1. Underbalanced drilling is designed such that an underbalanced drilling condition is achieved throughout the entire drilling and completion operation2. Field applications have proven that UBD techniques has many advantages including minimized formation damage, increased drilling rate, improved formation evaluation while drilling, minimized lost circulation, reduced occurrence of differential pipe and logging tools sticking, enhanced detection of all producing zones, and enhanced earlier production from reservoir3–11. Based on the type of drilling fluids used, underbalanced drilling operation can be classified into four categories12: Air/gas drilling, gasified liquid drilling, foam drilling and the flow drilling, which involves using fluids with density below the formation's hydrostatic pressure gradient. Foam as a drilling fluid is commonly used for underbalanced drilling because of its low variable density which makes adjustment of foam density possible in order to keep control of the circulating bottomhole pressure and its high effective viscosity which gives a superior cuttings lifting and transport ability. Apart from having a good lifting ability and the ability to maintain an underbalanced drilling condition, foam is also used to remove formation fluids that enter the borehole while drilling and also serve as an insulating medium if loss circulation is a problem. Applications of foam as a drilling fluid in many drilling operations, and the results from various field cases are well documented 13–24. In this paper, a transient mechanistic model is presented for the prediction of foam drilling performance in inclined wells. The new model considers foam rheological properties, drag coefficient of cuttings in foam, formation fluid influx, drillpipe eccentricity, inclination effect and drilling rate and thereby provides an effective numerical solution method to simulate the hydraulics of foam drilling in inclined wells. Literature Review The literature review focuses on mechanism of cuttings transport in wells. It also looks into foam drilling with focus on the foam rheology, foam flow and cutting transport with foam. Cuttings Transport Problems associated with inefficient cutting transport are; reduction in penetration rate, wear of bit, pipe stuck, high torque and drag and other hole problems25–29. The elimination or minimization of these problems associated with ineffective cuttings transport requires proper understanding of the cuttings transport mechanism.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».